Figure 4

Basal intracellular Ca2+ level in sham (unexposed) and RF-EMF exposed PHNs. Ca2+ level was monitored by evaluating the cellular fluorescence of Fluo-3-AM Ca2+ indicator dye. Representative images of unexposed (a, b) or exposed (c, d) cells are shown. Fluo-3-AM fluorescence is quantified in panel (e). Data are expressed as mean value ± SEM (n = 48 cells per group). The statistical analysis was performed using unpaired two-tailed t test.