Table 3 Logistic model for general appearance ≥ 2,^a diarrhea ≥ 3,^b pneumonia, and medication occurrence during the overall (week 1–13) period as influenced by late grouping (LG) or early grouping (EG) and late hay increment (LH) or early hay increment (EH) to Holstein calves.

Variable and comparison	Coefficient	SEM	Odds ratio^c	95% CI	P value
General appearance
LG versus EG	0.01640	0.12	1.01	0.80–1.27	0.88
LH versus EH	− 0.09910	0.11	0.90	0.72–1.13	0.39
Diarrhea occurrence
LG versus EG	− 0.00908	0.11	0.99	0.79–1.23	0.93
LH versus EH	0.1803	0.12	1.19	0.96–1.49	0.10
Pneumonia occurrence
LG versus EG	− 0.03917	0.16	0.96	0.70–1.32	0.80
LH versus EH	− 0.03651	0.17	0.96	0.70–1.32	0.82
Medication occurrence
Diarrhea
LG versus EG	− 0.01963	0.12	0.98	0.76–1.26	0.87
LH versus EH	− 0.1010	0.12	0.90	0.70–1.16	0.43
Pneumonia
LG versus EG	− 0.1330	0.18	0.87	0.61–1.24	0.46
LH versus EH	− 0.1952	0.19	0.82	0.57–1.17	0.28

^a1 = normal and alert; 2 = ears drooped; 3 = head and ears drooped, dull eyes, slightly lethargic; 4 = head and ears drooped, dull eyes, lethargic; 5 = severely lethargic⁴⁵.
^b1 = normal; 2 = soft to loose; 3 = loose to watery; 4 = watery, mucous, and slightly bloody; 5 = watery, mucous, and bloody⁴⁵.
^cThe odds ratio (OR) indicates the probability of having diarrhea or pneumonia, or needing medication for the experimental treatments (LG vs. EG; and LH vs. EH).
If the OR is > 1, the treatment in the comparison is more likely to have diarrhea or pneumonia or to be medicated than the other treatment by a factor of the difference above 1. If the OR is < 1, the treatment has a lower probability of occurrence than the other treatment.

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