Table 1 Mean temperatures (± SD) during fanning events in Polistes biglumis nests exposed to the sun.

From: Effect of climate on strategies of nest and body temperature regulation in paper wasps, Polistes biglumis and Polistes gallicus

  

Temperatures (°C)

Before start

 ~ Minimum

N

 ~ Maximum cooling

Nest

Tmaxnest

44.4 ± 1.25

41.9 ± 1.96

18

 − 2.42

Tmeannest

37.2 ± 1.16

35.4 ± 1.14

18

 − 1.85

Tminnest

29.5 ± 3.45

27.9 ± 3.16

18

 − 1.60

Cells

Tcell rimclose

37.6 ± 1.49

31.9 ± 2.98

36 (2 cells)

 − 5.72

Tcell centerclose

37.7 ± 1.40

33.3 ± 2.49

36 (2 cells)

 − 4.38

Tcell rimdistant

37.3 ± 2.70

36.7 ± 1.81

36 (2 cells)

 − 0.67

Tcell centerdistant

38.4 ± 1.75

38.0 ± 1.66

36 (2 cells)

 − 0.44

Air

Tanest

26.7 ± 5.93

26.9 ± 5.73

18

 + 0.21

Fanner

Tthorax

35.5 ± 2.58

34.4 ± 2.77

18

 − 1.08

Thead

35.3 ± 2.30

34.2 ± 2.51

18

 − 1.10

Tabdomen

33.6 ± 2.80

32.2 ± 3.08

18

 − 1.49

  1. Temperatures shown of the whole nest, of specific cells close and distant to the fanners, of the fanners, and of the air close to the nest. Measurements made at 2 points of time each, before start and during ~ minimum temperatures of fanning events. N = 18 or 36 measurements of 9 fanning events (fanners) from 3 nests.
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