Figure 4

Immunofluorescence staining images against RBD protein expression specific to SARS-CoV-2 in Vero cells. (A) (I) Vero cells without SARS-CoV-2 infection (mock), (II) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue); (III) Merged image of f-Actin (Phalloidin staining, red), nucleus (DAPI, blue). (B) Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2, (I) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 12 h; (II) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (III) Merged image of f-Actin (red) (Phalloidin staining), nucleus (DAPI) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (IV) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 24 h; (V) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h; (VI) Merged image of f-Actin (Phalloidin staining, red), nucleus (DAPI, blue) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h. (C) Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 treated with gramicidin S, (I) RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 12 h; (II) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (III) Merged image of f-Actin (red) (Phalloidin staining), nucleus (DAPI) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (IV) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 24 h; (V) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h; (VI) Merged image f-Actin (Phalloidin staining, red), nucleus (DAPI, blue) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h. (D) Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 treated with melittin. (I) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 12 h; (II) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (III) Merged image of f-Actin (red) (Phalloidin staining), nucleus (DAPI) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (IV) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 24 h; (V) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h; (VI) Merged image of f-Actin (Phalloidin staining, red), nucleus (DAPI, blue) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h. (E) Vero cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 treated with remdesivir, (I) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 12 h; (II) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (III) Merged image of f-Actin (red) (Phalloidin staining), nucleus (DAPI) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 12 h; (IV) represents RBD protein expression (green) of SARS-CoV-2 virus at 24 h; (V) DAPI staining representing nucleus (blue) along with RBD protein expression of SARS-CoV-2 (green)at 24 h; (VI) Merged image of f-Actin (Phalloidin staining, red), nucleus (DAPI, blue) and RBD protein of SARS-CoV-2 (green) at 24 h. Scale bars, 20 µm (40 × image).