Table 1 Baseline characteristics and 28-day mortality according to the tertiles of the non-HDLc/HDLc ratio (n = 724).

From: The association between the non-HDL-cholesterol to HDL-cholesterol ratio and 28-day mortality in sepsis patients: a cohort study

Parameters

Non-HDLc/HDLc ratio

P value

Tertile 1

0.28–2.24

n = 241

Tertile 2

2.25–3.83

n = 241

Tertile 3

3.84–10

n = 242

Demographics

Age (year)

69.6 ± 14.0

67.2 ± 14.7

63.3 ± 15.9

< 0.001

Sex

 Male

124 (51.5%)

130 (53.9%)

136 (56.2%)

0.578

 Female

117 (48.5%)

111 (46.1%)

106 (43.8%)

Ethnicity

 Caucasian

173 (71.8%)

168 (69.7%)

177 (73.1%)

0.904

 African American

29 (12.0%)

35 (14.5%)

26 (10.7%)

 Hispanic

13 (5.4%)

14 (5.8%)

15 (6.2%)

 Asian

3 (1.2%)

3 (1.2%)

5 (2.1%)

 Native American

1 (0.4%)

2 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

 Other/unknown

22 (9.1%)

19 (7.9%)

19 (7.9%)

Admission weight (kg)

80.4 ± 24.2

85.2 ± 28.2

91.0 ± 30.8

 < 0.001

Period

 2014

104 (43.2%)

121 (50.2%)

110 (45.5%)

0.285

 2015

137 (56.8%)

120 (49.8%)

132 (54.5%)

Vital signs

Temperature (°C)

36.6 ± 1.1

36.7 ± 1.2

36.6 ± 1.3

0.759

Respiratory rate (bpm)

30.4 ± 14.6

30.1 ± 14.8

30.5 ± 14.4

0.936

Heart rate (/min)

109.5 ± 29.1

111.1 ± 28.7

115.7 ± 25.6

0.043

MAP (mmHg)

79.7 ± 44.9

87.3 ± 47.6

77.2 ± 41.8

0.038

Laboratory data

Lactate level (mmol/L)

1.9 (1.2–2.9)

1.7 (1.3–2.7)

2.0 (1.3–3.1)

0.555

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

105.5 ± 35.7

118.6 ± 41.7

123.0 ± 50.8

 < 0.001

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

79 (60–107)

112 (79–158)

154 (121–216)

 < 0.001

HDLc (mg/dL)

42.6 ± 14.8

30.0 ± 11.2

19.2 ± 9.2

 < 0.001

LDLc (mg/dL)

46.0 ± 23.5

64.1 ± 29.6

70.2 ± 39.7

 < 0.001

non-HDLc/HDL ratio

1.6 (1.2–1.9)

3.0 (2.6–3.3)

5.4 (4.5–6.6)

 < 0.001

Septic shock

129 (53.5%)

142 (58.9%)

151 (62.4%)

0.138

Site of infection

Sepsis, pulmonary

112 (46.5%)

101 (41.9%)

99 (40.9%)

 < 0.001

Sepsis, renal/UTI (including bladder)

55 (22.8%)

46 (19.1%)

62 (25.6%)

Sepsis, GI

26 (10.8%)

21 (8.7%)

24 (9.9%)

Sepsis, unknown

22 (9.1%)

29 (12.0%)

22 (9.1%)

Sepsis, cutaneous/soft tissue

18 (7.5%)

25 (10.4%)

15 (6.2%)

Sepsis, other

8 (3.3%)

19 (7.9%)

20 (8.3%)

Severity of illness

SOFA score

3.0 (1.0–5.0)

3.0 (1.0–4.0)

3.0 (1.0–5.0)

0.626

GCS score

11.8 ± 3.7

11.8 ± 3.8

12.2 ± 3.6

0.398

Apache IV score

73.3 ± 22.4

73.6 ± 24.8

72.7 ± 24.5

0.920

Acute Physiology Score III

58.3 ± 22.8

60.1 ± 23.8

60.8 ± 22.9

0.523

Comorbidities

AIDS

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

1 (0.4%)

0.370

Hepatic failure

4 (1.7%)

2 (0.8%)

3 (1.2%)

0.710

Leukaemia

1 (0.4%)

4 (1.7%)

1 (0.4%)

0.338

Metastatic cancer

3 (1.3%)

3 (1.2%)

4 (1.7%)

0.908

Immunosuppression

8 (3.3%)

4 (1.7%)

6 (2.5%)

0.500

Cirrhosis

5 (2.1%)

3 (1.2%)

3 (1.2%)

0.685

28-day mortality

No

224 (92.9%)

233 (96.7%)

224 (92.6%)

0.107

Yes

17 (7.1%)

8 (3.3%)

18 (7.4%)

  1. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD, median (interquartile range), or percentage.
  2. Among the 724 patients, the amount of missing values for the covariates were 11 (1.5%) for admission weight, 45 (6.2%) for temperature, 9 (1.2%) for respiratory rate, 5 (0.7%) for heart rate, 5 (0.7%) for MAP, 205 (28.3%) for lactate level, 78 (10.8%) for Apache IV score, 78 (10.8%) for Acute Physiology Score III, 2 (0.3%) for triglycerides, 178 (24.6%) for LDLc, 7 (1.0%) for SOFA score, and 16 (2.2%) for GCS score.
  3. BP blood pressure, GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, HDLc high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDLc low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, MAP mean arterial pressure, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, UTI urinary tract infection.
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