Table 3 Number of apps incorporating a particular PSD principle.
Implemented principles (%) | Example | |
|---|---|---|
System credibility | ||
Real-world feel | 98.3 | Providing contact data of developers |
Authority | 14.2 | Citations of clinicians |
Third-party endorsements | 28.3 | Recommendations of diabetes institutions |
Verifiability | 22.5 | Providing source of information and links to it |
Dialogue support | ||
Praise | 23.3 | Feedback/compliments on tracked data |
Rewards | 2.5 | Collecting stars for engaging in lessons |
Reminders | 16.7 | System based daily pop-up messages |
Suggestion | 85.8 | Recipes for healthy nutrition |
Similarity | 4.2 | Stories of other diabetes patients |
Social role | 7.5 | Guidance by an avatar |
Primary task support | ||
Reduction | 16.7 | Dividing tracking in small simple steps |
Tunneling | 6.7 | Implementing sequential lessons |
Tailoring | 25.0 | Adapting information according to type of diabetes |
Personalization | 10.0 | Possibility to customize interface |
Self-monitoring | 28.3 | Feature for glucose tracking |
Simulation | 0.8 | Calculator how glucose level changes during the day |
Rehearsal | 5.0 | Knowledge quiz |
Social support | ||
Social learning | 2.5 | Board showing activity of other app users |
Social comparison | 0 | Comparison of user’s response to others’ responses |
Normative influence | 13.3 | Comparing glucose values to healthy peers |
Social facilitation | 7.5 | Online discussion forum |
Cooperation | 1.7 | Giving advice in small peer groups |
Competition | 0 | Leader boards on daily activity level |
Recognition | 7.5 | Liking and posting achievements |
