Table 1 Comparison of the characteristics of conventional cells, concentration cells, and SDCs.

From: Electrochemical cell recharging by solvent separation and transfer processes

Electrochemical cell

Driving force for discharge

Charging process

Forms of energy input for charge

Conventional cell

Difference in standard potentials between two different redox couples

Reverse of discharge

Electrical energy

Concentration cell

Difference in concentrations of redox species or electrolytes

Reverse of discharge

Electrical energy

Transfer of solvent

Thermal energy

Mechanical energy

etc.

Solvation difference cell (This work)

Difference in solvation states

Reverse of discharge

Electrical energy

Separation and transfer of TS

Thermal energy

Mechanical energy

etc.