Table 10 Summary statistics for adopters and non-adopters of improved rice varieties.
Variables | Adopters (N = 335) | Non-adopters (N = 82) | Probability | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Mean (SD) | 44.7 | (12.3) | 40.9 | (13.0) | 0.014 |
Education | Illiterate | 213 | (63.6) | 56 | (68.3) | 0.417 |
Primary | 67 | (20.0) | 18 | (22.0) | ||
Secondary | 50 | (14.9) | 8 | (9.8) | ||
University | 5 | (1.5) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
Household size | Mean (SD) | 8.3 | (4.6) | 9.7 | (5.1) | 0.015 |
Experience | Mean (SD) | 13.7 | (10.0) | 15.0 | (12.8) | 0.339 |
Off-farm income | No | 242 | (72.2) | 76 | (92.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 93 | (27.8) | 6 | (7.3) | ||
Land ownership | No | 85 | (25.4) | 15 | (18.3) | 0.229 |
Yes | 250 | (74.6) | 67 | (81.7) | ||
Livestock ownership | 0 | 304 | (90.7) | 69 | (84.1) | 0.240 |
2 | 20 | (6.0) | 10 | (12.2) | ||
3 | 1 | (0.3) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
4 | 10 | (3.0) | 3 | (3.7) | ||
Machinery ownership | No | 298 | (89.0) | 66 | (80.5) | 0.060 |
Yes | 37 | (11.0) | 16 | (19.5) | ||
Total farm size | Mean (SD) | 4.3 | (5.4) | 4.5 | (5.2) | 0.757 |
Land size under rice cultivation | Mean (SD) | 1.2 | (1.4) | 1.0 | (1.0) | 0.099 |
Total workforce | Mean (SD) | 8.5 | (11.6) | 6.8 | (8.3) | 0.235 |
Family workforce | No | 69 | (20.6) | 10 | (12.2) | 0.113 |
Yes | 266 | (79.4) | 72 | (87.8) | ||
Hired farm labour | No | 156 | (46.6) | 58 | (70.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 179 | (53.4) | 24 | (29.3) | ||
Crop diversification | No | 43 | (12.8) | 7 | (8.5) | 0.376 |
Yes | 292 | (87.2) | 75 | (91.5) | ||
Training in rice farming | No | 85 | (25.4) | 58 | (70.7) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 250 | (74.6) | 24 | (29.3) | ||
Membership of farmers association | No | 99 | (29.6) | 55 | (67.1) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 236 | (70.4) | 27 | (32.9) | ||
Rice as main crop | No | 125 | (37.3) | 47 | (57.3) | 0.002 |
Yes | 210 | (62.7) | 35 | (42.7) | ||
Use of fertilizer | No | 56 | (16.7) | 36 | (43.9) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 279 | (83.3) | 46 | (56.1) | ||
Use of pesticides | No | 107 | (31.9) | 28 | (34.1) | 0.802 |
Yes | 228 | (68.1) | 54 | (65.9) | ||
Animal traction | No | 305 | (91.0) | 70 | (85.4) | 0.185 |
Yes | 30 | (9.0) | 12 | (14.6) | ||
Irrigation | No | 297 | (88.7) | 67 | (81.7) | 0.131 |
Yes | 38 | (11.3) | 15 | (18.3) | ||
Farmers output of rice | Mean (SD) | 2.4 | (2.3) | 2.0 | (2.9) | 0.211 |
Off-season rice | No | 275 | (82.1) | 61 | (74.4) | 0.154 |
Yes | 60 | (17.9) | 21 | (25.6) | ||
Government extensions | No | 142 | (42.4) | 64 | (78.0) | < 0.001 |
Yes | 193 | (57.6) | 18 | (22.0) | ||
NGOs | No | 264 | (78.8) | 74 | (90.2) | 0.027 |
Yes | 71 | (21.2) | 8 | (9.8) | ||
International institutes | No | 318 | (94.9) | 82 | (100.0) | 0.077 |
Yes | 17 | (5.1) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
Regions | Centre | 42 | (12.5) | 0 | (0.0) | < 0.001 |
North | 154 | (46.0) | 82 | (100.0) | ||
South | 139 | (41.5) | 0 | (0.0) | ||
