Table 7 Correlation between canonical axes and variables.

From: Characterization of rice farming systems, production constraints and determinants of adoption of improved varieties by smallholder farmers of the Republic of Benin

Variables

Axe 1

Axe 2

Axe 3

Age

0.026

0.084

0.186

Animal traction

− 0.897

0.390

− 0.004

Education

0.135

0.149

− 0.062

Experience

− 0.128

0.071

0.201

Female-headed households

0.094

− 0.081

0.122

Farmers output of rice

0.006

0.431

− 0.257

Family workforce

− 0.163

− 0.252

0.063

Government extensions

0.189

0.557

0.121

Hired farm labour

0.442

0.510

− 0.061

Household size

− 0.238

0.086

0.175

International institutes

− 0.246

0.134

0.180

Irrigation

− 0.176

0.369

− 0.238

Land ownership

0.075

− 0.019

0.093

Size of land under rice cultivation

0.182

0.402

− 0.284

Livestock ownership

− 0.802

0.348

0.047

Membership of farmers association

0.240

0.641

0.085

Male-headed households

− 0.094

0.081

− 0.122

Machinery ownership

− 0.813

0.359

0.159

Non-governmental organizations

0.211

0.318

− 0.047

Off-farm income

0.270

0.318

− 0.081

Off-season rice

− 0.109

0.399

− 0.309

Crop diversification

0.031

0.281

0.237

Rice as main crop

0.368

0.259

− 0.337

Total farm size

− 0.163

0.252

0.142

Training in rice farming

0.257

0.720

0.303

Total workforce

0.142

0.319

− 0.239

Use of fertilizers

0.104

0.639

0.403

Adoption of new rice variety

0.329

0.352

0.152

Use of pesticides

0.045

0.109

0.054