Table 3 Numbers of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)- and CD3-immunoreactive (IR) cells per mm intestinal epithelium and relative frequency of GLP-1-IR cells in close contact with CD3-IR cells in villi and crypts from distal small intestine (dSI) and surface epithelium (epi) and crypts from proximal large intestine (pLI) as estimated on immunostained sections from rats fed control (C), medium Maillard (MM) or high Maillard (HM) containing diets for 1 or 4 weeks.Values from rats fed 1 week (n = 4) or 4 weeks (n = 10–11) expressed as median (interquartile range).
GLP-1-IR cells/mm | p | CD3-IR cells/mm | p | % GLP-1-IR cells in contact with CD3 -IR cells | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 week | ||||||
dSI, villi | ||||||
C | 2.1 (1.6–2.7) | 26.3 (22.9–37.0) | 37.9 (17.3–47.5) | |||
MM | 2.3 (2.0–2.7) | ns | 29.3 (25.6–30.9) | ns | 32.6 (25.3–49.2) | ns |
HM | 3.9 (2.1–5.8) | ns | 27.6 (24.7–31.6) | ns | 39.6 (31.9–46.5) | ns |
dSI, crypts | ||||||
C | 4.5 (3.3–5.4) | 3.8 (3.7–4.1) | 7.5 (5.4–12.1) | |||
MM | 4.7 (4.3–5.6) | ns | 5.0 (4.4–5.5) | ns | 4.4 (3.7–11.3) | ns |
HM | 4.6 (4.4–5.6) | ns | 6.2 (3.9–6.7) | ns | 1.9 (0–13.9) | ns |
pLI, epi | ||||||
C | 4.6 (3.9–6.0) | 12.6 (9.8–23.3) | 16.1 (13.3–24.2) | |||
MM | 7.1 (4.9–9.2) | ns | 13.5 (11.1–18.3) | ns | 8.0 (4.2–18.7) | ns |
HM | 5.2 (4.5–7.8) | ns | 17.8 (16.4–19.0) | ns | 12.6 (5.6–13.9) | ns |
pLI, crypts | ||||||
C | 5.1 (3.3–6.2) | 4.2 (2.4–6.6) | 7.4 (4.1–14.8) | |||
MM | 5.2 (4.9–5.8) | ns | 2.5 (1.0–2.9) | ns | 11.0 (1.2–19.0) | ns |
HM | 4.7 (3.6–5.5) | ns | 2.8 (2.0–4.1) | ns | 0 (0–4.9) | ns |
4 weeks | ||||||
dSI, villi | ||||||
C | 2.3 (2.0–2.6) | 26.5 (21.4–29.6) | 43.2 (37.5–47.0) | |||
MM | 1.3 (1.1–1.5) | 0.0068 | 22.9 (20.8–36.7) | ns | 44.0 (36.8–47.9) | ns |
HM | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 0.0453 | 27.2 (22.5–31.8) | ns | 32.2 (15.3–39) | ns |
dSI, crypts | ||||||
C | 3.1 (2.4–3.8) | 5.1 (4.1–6.8) | 7.5 (5.7–12.6) | |||
MM | 1.8 (1.0–2.7) | ns | 4.2 (3.7–5.0) | ns | 0 (0–15.5) | ns |
HM | 1:4 (0.8–1.9) | 0.0068 | 3.3 (2.5–5.0) | ns | 5.0 (0–14.4) | ns |
pLI, epi | ||||||
C | 7.0 (5.6–9.3) | 7.5 (6.3–8.6) | 6.4 (3.3–9.9) | |||
MM | 3.3 (1.9–4.1) | 0.0116 | 6.9 (5.6–11.3) | ns | 2.4 (0–8.7) | ns |
HM | 2.8 (2.3–3.6) | 0.0070 | 6.0 (5.3–7.2) | ns | 8.0 (7.0–19.9) | ns |
pLI, crypts | ||||||
C | 4.9 (4.5–5.2) | 1.9 (0.9–2.6) | 0 (0–4.4) | |||
MM | 2.5 (1.3–2.9) | 0.0053 | 1.8 (1.3–2.8) | ns | 0 (0–2.1) | ns |
HM | 2.5 (2.1–2.8) | 0.0089 | 2.7 (1.9–3.2) | ns | 0 (0–4.3) | ns |
