Figure 2
Sample-dependent device performance. (a–c) Trajectories of 6-μm (green) and 10-μm (red) beads spiked in semen samples having different viscosity conditions (low-, intermediate-, and high-viscosity condition, respectively) with the low and high dilution conditions under the optimal flow rate condition, 2.0 mL/min (scale bar: 200 μm), and graphs showing corresponding recoveries of sperm cells and 6- and 10-μm beads from each outlet; 10-μm beads were used to mimic leukocytes, and 6-μm beads were used to indirectly observe the movement of the sperm cells without staining the sperm cells themselves; viscosity of semen was determined based on WHO guidelines by the thread length when dripping the semen sample (≤ 2 cm for low viscosity, 2–4 cm for intermediate viscosity, and > 4 cm for high viscosity)41; mHTF containing 5-mg/mL BSA was used as a buffer solution for sample dilution.
