Table 4 Effect of training on respiratory pattern.

Within-group							Between-groups
Outcomes	Groups	Baseline Mean ± SD	8-weeks Mean ± SD	Change Relative to Baseline^c (%)	D^† and 95% CI (Lower limit -Upper limit)	P	Interaction Effects	P
Respiratory balance	Combined respiratory-therapeutic exercise	26.9 ± 7.3	37.0 ± 6.2	37.5% ↑	− 0.59 (− 0.12 to − 1.33)	0.01^d	F = 12.6 P = 0.03^e	0.01^a 0.02^b
	Therapeutic exercise alone	28.6 ± 8.2	30.5 ± 9.2	6.6% ↑	− 0.10 (− 0.09 to 0.78)	0.08
	Control	30.0 ± 9.4	28.8 ± 9.1	4% ↓	0.06 (− 1.2 to 0.03)	0.18
Number of breaths, n/min	Combined respiratory-therapeutic exercise	22.5 ± 2.3	18.2 ± 1.7	19.1% ↓	0.72 (0.21 to 1.37)	0.02^d	F = 8.7 P = 0.03^e	0.01^a 0.02^b
	Therapeutic exercise alone	23.5 ± 3.1	21.4 ± 2.2	8.9% ↓	0.36 (− 0.31 to 0.28)	0.06
	Control	19.8 ± 1.8	20.0 ± 1.5	1% ↑	− 0.06 (− 0.08 to 0.44)	0.43

^aSignificant between combined respiratory-therapeutic exercise and control groups.
^bSignificant between combined respiratory-therapeutic exercise and therapeutic exercise alone groups.
^cPercent change (↓decrease, ↑increase).
^dDenotes significant within group improvement between the baseline and 8-weeks treatment period.
^eSignificant group × time interaction.

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