Table 4 Demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics predictive of trajectory.

From: A data driven approach to identify trajectories of prenatal alcohol consumption in an Australian population-based cohort of pregnant women

Exposure trajectory	Abstinent	Low discontinued				Moderate discontinued				Low sustained				Moderate sustained				High sustained
Exposure trajectory	N	N	AOR	95% CI	P value	N	AOR	95% CI	p value	N	AOR	95% CI	P value	N	AOR	95% CI	P value	N	AOR	95% CI	P value
Participants	493	210				170				190				343				52
Maternal age
< 30 years	179	70	Ref			73	Ref			42	Ref			96	Ref			9	Ref
30–34 years	184	82	1.20	(0.79–1.81)	0.40	52	0.96	(0.59–1.56)	0.87	94	1.71	(1.07–2.72)	0.02	160	1.63	(1.11–2.40)	0.01	23	2.98	(1.23–7.20)	0.02
> = 35 years	130	58	1.35	(0.86–2.12)	0.20	45	1.16	(0.70–1.94)	0.57	54	1.39	(0.83–2.32)	0.21	87	1.13	(0.74–1.74)	0.57	20	3.70	(1.49–9.19)	0.01
Maternal education
Secondary	98	38	Ref			32	Ref			18	Ref			67	Ref			11	Ref
Trade/Diploma	140	45	0.78	(0.46–1.33)	0.36	69	2.05	(1.16–3.63)	0.01	47	1.92	(1.01–3.66)	0.05	71	0.78	(0.48–1.27)	0.32	12	0.78	(0.31–1.97)	0.60
Tertiary	255	126	1.14	(0.69–1.86)	0.61	69	1.12	(0.61–2.04)	0.72	124	3.00	(1.59–5.64)	< 0.01	207	1.43	(0.90–2.26)	0.13	29	0.85	(0.35–2.05)	0.72
Household income
< $40,000	76	31	Ref			26	Ref			31	Ref			25	Ref			5	Ref
$40–70,000	112	37	0.89	(0.50–1.59)	0.69	19	0.54	(0.26–1.13)	0.10	36	0.80	(0.44–1.46)	0.46	52	2.21	(1.14–4.30)	0.02	4	0.66	(0.16–2.67)	0.56
$70,000-$100,000	125	54	1.06	(0.61–1.85)	0.84	44	1.19	(0.63–2.24)	0.59	40	0.62	(0.34–1.11)	0.11	92	3.00	(1.59–5.68)	< 0.01	13	1.68	(0.54–5.25)	0.37
> $100,000	155	80	1.21	(0.70–2.08)	0.50	74	1.81	(0.97–3.37)	0.06	76	0.96	(0.55–1.67)	0.88	162	4.27	(2.28–7.99)	< 0.001	29	3.27	(1.08–9.84)	0.04
Missing	25	8	0.72	(0.27–1.92)	0.51	7	0.88	(0.30–2.52)	0.81	7	0.65	(0.21–1.96)	0.44	12	2.19	(0.83–5.77)	0.11	1	0.89	(0.09–8.68)	0.92
Caucasian
No	120	47	Ref			15	Ref			26	Ref			17	Ref			3	Ref
Yes	372	163	1.23	(0.81–1.88)	0.33	155	2.87	(1.52- 5.42)	< 0.01	164	2.32	(1.40–3.85)	< 0.01	326	7.13	(3.99–12.73)	< 0.001	49	4.14	(1.22–14.1)	0.02
Pre-pregnancy BMI
Normal/underweight	287	142	Ref			87	Ref			120	Ref			239	Ref			32	Ref
Overweight	95	32	0.71	(0.45–1.12)	0.14	44	1.58	(0.99–2.54)	0.06	38	0.91	(0.58–1.45)	0.69	57	0.68	(0.45–1.02)	0.06	13	1.16	(0.55–2.42)	0.70
Obese	93	29	0.62	(0.38–1.01)	0.06	33	0.89	(0.53–1.50)	0.67	24	0.62	(0.37–1.05)	0.07	35	0.36	(0.22–0.58)	< 0.001	7	0.41	(0.16–1.05)	0.06
Pregnancy planning
No	94	50	1.52	(1.00–2.32)	0.05	66	2.99	(1.92–4.67)	< 0.001	40	1.39	(0.88–2.22)	0.16	77	1.40	(0.93–2.09	0.10	10	1.06	(0.46–2.43)	0.89
Yes	398	159	Ref			104	Ref			149	Ref			266	Ref			42	Ref
Primipara
No	259	99	Ref			62	Ref			123	Ref			180	Ref			24	Ref
Yes	227	108	1.25	(0.88–1.79)	0.22	106	2.09	(1.38–3.16)	< 0.01	63	0.61	(0.42–0.91)	0.02	160	0.85	(0.61–1.19)	0.34	28	1.40	(0.73–2.67)	0.31
Smoking in pregnancy
No	429	187	Ref			127	Ref			173	Ref			248	Ref			37	Ref
Yes	63	23	0.87	(0.50–1.54)	0.64	43	1.71	(1.03–2.85)	0.04	17	1.04	(0.55–1.97)	0.90	94	4.05	(2.60–6.31)	< 0.001	15	4.28	(1.92–9.54)	< 0.001

N: Sample size for multivariate analysis (i.e. number of cases with a complete set of predictors, except for income, where a ‘missing’ category was included because ~ 4% of missing data).
Ref: Reference category.
AOR (95% CI): Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval adjusted for all predictors shown in table. Control group is abstinence in pregnancy, but not lifetime abstainer. Boldface where a significant difference was found. For predictor variables with more than two categories (maternal age, income, BMI and education), p values from likelihood ratio tests (not shown) were used-evaluate the predictors. Likelihood ratio p values were < 0.01 in all bolded results.

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Table 4 Demographic and pregnancy-related characteristics predictive of trajectory.

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