Table 2 Clinical and Quality of Life-related factors in People with NAFLD with low and high Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores.
Variable | ESS score ≤ 10 (n = 136) | ESS score > 10 (n = 45) | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
Age (years) | 51.3 | 14.1 | 52.7 | 9.9 | 0.488 |
Gender (% female) | 41.2% | 44.6% | 0.612 | ||
Ethnicity | |||||
White | 43.4% | 42.9% | 0.999 | ||
South Asian | 45.6% | 32.1% | 0.075 | ||
Black | 5.1% | 12.5% | 0.091 | ||
Other | 5.9% | 12.5% | 0.102 | ||
BMI (kg/m2) | 31.3 | 5.8 | 36.7 | 9.9 | < 0.001 |
Liver stiffness score (kPa) | 9.6 | 8.0 | 11.6 | 7.3 | 0.100 |
Obstructive sleep apnoea | 7.4% | 28.6% | < 0.001 | ||
Type 2 diabetes | 42.6% | 58.9% | 0.044 | ||
HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 58.0 | 14.0 | 54.6 | 12.3 | 0.435 |
ALT (U/L) | 56.9 | 37.1 | 43.0 | 29.1 | 0.036 |
AST (U/L) | 42.5 | 22.0 | 35.8 | 13.9 | 0.178 |
SF-36 scales | |||||
Physical Functioning | 67.6 | 29.8 | 46.0 | 33.0 | < 0.001 |
Role limitations due to physical health | 67.1 | 43.0 | 35.0 | 42.8 | < 0.001 |
Role limitations due to emotional health | 76.7 | 40.0 | 45.2 | 45.0 | < 0.001 |
Energy/Fatigue | 53.7 | 22.1 | 29.4 | 19.0 | < 0.001 |
Emotional well-being | 72.6 | 21.1 | 49.8 | 23.2 | < 0.001 |
Social functioning | 77.0 | 27.7 | 50.0 | 29.7 | < 0.001 |
Pain | 61.0 | 25.6 | 33.3 | 26.2 | < 0.001 |
General health | 54.0 | 21.9 | 30.8 | 19.4 | < 0.001 |
Physical component scale (PCS) | 38.2 | 13.4 | 26.9 | 15.5 | < 0.001 |
Mental component scale (MCS) | 51.5 | 12.0 | 39.3 | 13.2 | < 0.001 |
