Table 1 Maternal and neonatal characteristics of IVF infants and general population.

From: Association of adverse birth outcomes with in vitro fertilization after controlling infertility factors based on a singleton live birth cohort

Variable

Variable level

IVF total

Fresh IVF

Frozen IVF

General population

General population VS. IVF

N

%

N

%

N

%

N

%

P value

Maternal age

Mean/Std

32.80

4.07

32.62

3.88

32.82

4.09

28.15

4.49

 

20–29 years

2507

26.45

187

26.95

2320

26.41

1,269,832

65.04

 < 0.0001

30–34 years

4232

44.64

300

43.23

3932

44.75

502,893

25.76

 

35–39 years

2268

23.92

189

27.23

2079

23.66

155,388

7.96

 

 ≥ 40 years

473

4.99

18

2.59

455

5.18

24,306

1.24

 

Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

0

–

 

Maternal education level

Postgraduate

386

5.8

7

4.64

379

5.83

115,866

5.93

 < 0.0001

Graduate

3963

59.59

99

65.56

3864

59.45

899,125

46.05

 

Middle School

2201

33.09

43

28.48

2158

33.2

383,472

19.64

 

Primary School

101

1.52

2

1.32

99

1.52

553,943

28.37

 

Missing

2829

–

543

–

2286

–

13

–

 

Parity

0

8624

90.97

630

90.78

7994

90.99

1,315,266

67.37

 < 0.0001

1

808

8.52

61

8.79

747

8.5

577,600

29.58

 

 ≥ 2

48

0.51

3

0.43

45

0.51

59,553

3.05

 

Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

0

–

 

Delivery mode

Vaginal

2202

23.25

136

19.65

2066

23.54

1,022,996

52.40

 < 0.0001

Cesarean

7268

76.75

556

80.35

6712

76.46

929,423

47.60

 

Missing

10

–

2

–

8

–

0

–

 

Sex

Boy

5052

53.29

355

51.15

4697

53.46

1,033,763

52.95

0.5041

Girl

4428

46.71

339

48.85

4089

46.54

918,656

47.05

 

Sex ratio

–

114.09

–

104.71

–

114.87

–

112.54

 

Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

0

–

 

Gestational age

Mean/Std

38.34

1.65

38.30

1.67

38.35

1.65

38.89

1.49

 

Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

0

–

 

PTB

625

6.59

37

5.33

588

6.69

89,242

4.57

 < 0.0001

 

Birth weight

Mean/Std

3347.93

502.67

3320.15

495.44

3350.12

503.18

3347.09

453.15

 

Missing

0

–

0

–

0

–

0

–

 

LBW

392

4.14

25

3.6

367

4.18

55,500

2.84

 < 0.0001

Macrosomia

821

8.66

56

8.07

765

8.71

136,032

6.97

 < 0.0001

SGA

472

4.98

28

4.03

444

5.05

99,282

5.09

0.6388

LGA

1689

17.82

119

17.15

1570

17.87

282,006

14.44

 < 0.0001

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