Table 3 The results of CCA analyses. First analysis: the effect of the study area (Ore Mts., Trebon Basin), year (2015–2017), and sampling period (April, May) on the vocal occurrence (0/1) of each owl species. Second analysis: the effect of the study area, year, and sampling period (spring, autumn) on nest box occupancy (0/1) by animal taxa (boreal owl, goldeneye, pine marten, passerines, bats, and insects).

From: Forest structure determines nest box use by Central European boreal owls

Response variable

Explanatory variable

% of explained variability

F

P

Vocal occupancy rate

Study area

56.53

8.2

0.002

Year

26.37

3.8

0.002

Sampling period

8.28

1.2

0.306

Nest box occupancy rate

Study area

36.87

30.0

0.002

Sampling period

50.31

40.4

0.002

Year

8.05

6.6

0.002