Scientific Reports

Table 2 Effect of solvents and different bases in C-S bond formation in a reaction between 1-bromo-4-nitrobenzene and thiophenol as a model reaction.

From: Synthesis and characterization of highly efficient and recoverable Cu@MCM-41-(2-hydroxy-3-propoxypropyl) metformin mesoporous catalyst and its uses in Ullmann type reactions


Entry	Solvent	Base	Catalyst(mg)	Temp. (°C)	Time (h)	Yield (%)
1	Toluene	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	67
2	EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	56
3	H₂O	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	0
4	DMSO	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	89
5	CH₃CN	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	57
6	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	86
7	Toluene/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	51
8	CH₃CN/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	80	10	55
9	DMSO/EtOH	Cs₂CO₃	30	80	10	85
10	DMSO/EtOH	KOH	30	80	10	82
11	DMSO/EtOH	NaHCO₃	30	80	10	80
12	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	r.t	10	0
13	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	60	10	50
14	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	90	10	90
15	DMSO/EtOH	NaOH	30	100	10	90
16	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	90	4	81
17	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	90	6	95
18	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	30	90	12	88
19^a	DMSO/EtOH	K₂CO₃	–	90	6	0

^aWithout catalyst.

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