Table 4 Parameter estimates from the top-ranked (based on AIC) multispecies occupancy model for the Hazara Torrent Frog (Allopaa hazarensis) and Murree Hills Frog (Nanorana vicina) using visual observation data.

From: Development and validation of an eDNA protocol for monitoring endemic Asian spiny frogs in the Himalayan region of Pakistan

Species

Parameter

Estimate

SE

Z

P

A. hazarensis

Intercept

−0.95

0.26

−3.70

 < 0.01

Elevation

−0.87

0.29

−2.97

 < 0.01

Year 2

−0.37

0.31

−1.18

0.24

N. vicina

Intercept

−0.08

0.29

−0.27

0.78

Elevation

1.78

0.29

6.20

 < 0.01

Year 2

−0.24

0.27

−0.89

0.37

  1. Continuous covariates were standardized prior to analysis. The effect of year 2 is relative to a baseline of year 1. SE = Standard error, P = level of significance.
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