Table 3 Chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of pesticide residue in Hainan cowpea samples among different subgroups based on average concentration.

From: Determination and dietary intake risk assessment of 35 pesticide residues in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp) from Hainan province, China

Pesticide	Min–Max (mg/kg)	MRLs^a (mg/kg)	ADI^b (mg/kg bw)	Average (mg/kg)	Chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of different subgroups (age)
					2–7	8–12	13–19		20–50		51–65		> 65
							M	F	M	F	M	F	M	F
Acephate	0.004–0.41	Banned^a1	0.03	0.0119	0.0233	0.0185	0.0131	0.0151	0.0136	0.0142	0.0135	0.0137	0.0129	0.0137
azoxystrobin	0.004–0.36	3^a3	0.2	0.0124	0.0036	0.0029	0.0020	0.0024	0.0021	0.0022	0.0021	0.0021	0.0020	0.0021
Chlordimeform	0.012–1.3	Banned^a1	0.001	0.0398	2.3409	1.8634	1.3123	1.5201	1.3644	1.4283	1.3591	1.3722	1.2975	1.3775
Chlorfenapyr	0.004–1.6	2^a3	0.03	0.2069	0.4056	0.3229	0.2274	0.2634	0.2364	0.2475	0.2355	0.2378	0.2248	0.2387
Chlorpyrifos-ethyl	0.004–2.7	Banned^a1	0.01	0.0276	0.1626	0.1294	0.0912	0.1056	0.0948	0.0992	0.0944	0.0953	0.0901	0.0957
Coumaphos	0.006–0.018	Banned^a1	0.003	0.0001	0.0011	0.0009	0.0006	0.0007	0.0007	0.0007	0.0007	0.0007	0.0006	0.0007
Cyfluthrin	0.004–1.9	0.5^a3	0.04	0.0181	0.0266	0.0212	0.0149	0.0173	0.0155	0.0162	0.0155	0.0156	0.0148	0.0157
Cyhalothrin	0.004–3.5	0.2^a2	0.02	0.0174	0.0512	0.0408	0.0287	0.0332	0.0298	0.0312	0.0297	0.0300	0.0284	0.0301
Cypermethrin	0.004–1.3	0.5^a2	0.02	0.1392	0.4094	0.3259	0.2295	0.2658	0.2386	0.2498	0.2377	0.2400	0.2269	0.2409
Dicofol	0.005–0.21	Banned^a1	0.002	0.0007	0.0206	0.0164	0.0115	0.0133	0.0120	0.0125	0.0119	0.0120	0.0114	0.0121
Difenoconazole	0.004–1.9	0.5^a3	0.01	0.0959	0.5639	0.4489	0.3161	0.3662	0.3286	0.3441	0.3274	0.3305	0.3125	0.3318
Fenitrothion	0.059–0.96	0.5^a2	0.006	0.0018	0.0174	0.0139	0.0098	0.0113	0.0101	0.0106	0.0101	0.0102	0.0096	0.0102
Fenpropathrin	0.002–1.3	1^a3	0.03	0.0163	0.0320	0.0254	0.0179	0.0207	0.0186	0.0195	0.0185	0.0187	0.0177	0.0188
Fenvalerate	0.010–1.1	3^a3	0.02	0.0241	0.0709	0.0565	0.0398	0.0461	0.0413	0.0433	0.0412	0.0416	0.0393	0.0417
Fipronil	0.006–0.32	Banned^a1	0.0002	0.0017	0.4941	0.3933	0.2770	0.3209	0.2880	0.3015	0.2869	0.2896	0.2739	0.2908
Fluvalinate	0.011–0.032	0.5^a3	0.005	0.0002	0.0027	0.0021	0.0015	0.0017	0.0016	0.0016	0.0016	0.0016	0.0015	0.0016
Isazophos	0.004–0.25	Banned^a1	0.00005	0.0022	2.5617	2.0392	1.4361	1.6635	1.4930	1.5630	1.4873	1.5016	1.4199	1.5074
Isocarbophos	0.004–0.008	Banned^a1	0.003	0.00004	0.0008	0.0007	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005
Malathion	0.010–0.048	2^a3	0.3	0.0001	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Methamidophos	0.008–0.48	Banned^a1	0.004	0.0017	0.0246	0.0196	0.0138	0.0159	0.0143	0.0150	0.0143	0.0144	0.0136	0.0145
Parathion-methyl	0.004–0.018	Banned^a1	0.003	0.0003	0.0065	0.0052	0.0036	0.0042	0.0038	0.0040	0.0038	0.0038	0.0036	0.0038
Pendimethalin	0.010–0.016	0.05^a4	0.1	0.0001	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
Profenofos	0.004–1.4	10^a3	0.03	0.0687	0.1348	0.1073	0.0756	0.0875	0.0786	0.0822	0.0783	0.0790	0.0747	0.0793
Pyridaben	0.004–2.2	2^a3	0.01	0.0453	0.2666	0.2122	0.1495	0.1731	0.1554	0.1627	0.1548	0.1563	0.1478	0.1569
Pyrimethanil	0.004–0.33	2^a3	0.2	0.0013	0.0004	0.0003	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002	0.0002
Sulfotep	0.008–0.008	Banned^a1	0.001	0.00001	0.0008	0.0007	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005	0.0005
Triazophos	0.006–0.79	Banned^a1	0.001	0.0072	0.4214	0.3354	0.2362	0.2736	0.2456	0.2571	0.2446	0.2470	0.2335	0.2479

^aMaximum residue limits: ^a1The pesticide is banned on legumes in China; ^a2The Chinese national standard GB/T 2763–2021; ^a3The maximum residue limits of pesticide in vegetable routine monitoring in 2015; ^a4The maximum residue limits of pesticide in European Commission (https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/eu-pesticides-database/mrls/?event=search.pr).
^bAcceptable daily intakes (ADIs) was referred to the Chinese national standard GB/T 2763-2021.

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Table 3 Chronic dietary exposure risk (%ADI) of pesticide residue in Hainan cowpea samples among different subgroups based on average concentration.

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