Table 2 Simple and multiple linear regression model (estimated value [95% confidence intervals]) for post index date of pneumonia (post-ID pneumonia) periods in total chronic rhinosinusitis compared to control group and subgroup analysis according to age and sex.

From: Association between chronic rhinosinusitis and pneumonia: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national health screening cohort

Characteristics	Mean ± SD in CRS total group	Mean ± SD in control group	Linear regression of CRS for pneumonia
Characteristics	Mean ± SD in CRS total group	Mean ± SD in control group	Simple^b	P value	Model 1^b,^c	P value	Model 2^b,^d	P value
Total participants (n = 31,965)
1-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.67	0.05 ± 0.54	0.030 (0.015 to 0.046)	< 0.001^a	0.008 (− 0.007 to 0.024)	0.305	0.015 (− 0.001 to 0.030)	0.059
2-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.57	0.05 ± 0.58	0.027 (0.011 to 0.042)	0.001^a	0.004 (− 0.012 to 0.019)	0.651	0.008 (− 0.008 to 0.024)	0.310
3-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.65	0.05 ± 0.52	0.033 (0.018 to 0.048)	< 0.001^a	0.013 (− 0.002 to 0.028)	0.079	0.017 (0.002 to 0.031)	0.030^a
Age < 60 years old (n = 21,630)
1-y post-ID pneumonia	0.05 ± 0.51	0.03 ± 0.36	0.023 (0.010 to 0.036)	0.001^a	0.009 (− 0.005 to 0.022)	0.204	0.012 (− 0.001 to 0.025)	0.065
2-y post-ID pneumonia	0.05 ± 0.44	0.03 ± 0.35	0.021 (0.009 to 0.034)	0.001^a	0.009 (− 0.003 to 0.022)	0.141	0.012 (− 0.001 to 0.024)	0.060
3-y post-ID pneumonia	0.06 ± 0.61	0.03 ± 0.33	0.036 (0.022 to 0.049)	< 0.001^a	0.023 (0.009 to 0.036)	0.001^a	0.025 (0.011 to 0.038)	< 0.001^a
Age ≥ 60 years old (n = 10,335)
1-y post-ID pneumonia	0.15 ± 0.91	0.10 ± 0.80	0.045 (0.006 to 0.085)	0.024^a	0.014 (− 0.026 to 0.053)	0.498	0.025 (− 0.014 to 0.063)	0.206
2-y post-ID pneumonia	0.14 ± 0.79	0.10 ± 0.88	0.038 (− 0.003 to 0.079)	0.071	0.000 (− 0.041 to 0.041)	0.997	0.008 (− 0.033 to 0.048)	0.717
3-y post-ID pneumonia	0.12 ± 0.73	0.09 ± 0.77	0.027 (− 0.009 to 0.064)	0.144	0.000 (− 0.037 to 0.037)	0.999	0.005 (− 0.032 to 0.041)	0.798
Males (n = 19,400)
1-y post-ID pneumonia	0.07 ± 0.57	0.06 ± 0.56	0.018 (− 0.001 to 0.038)	0.066	− 0.005 (− 0.024 to 0.015)	0.638	0.001 (− 0.018 to 0.020)	0.943
2-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.58	0.05 ± 0.59	0.024 (0.004 to 0.044)	0.021^a	0.000 (− 0.020 to 0.021)	0.988	0.004 (− 0.016 to 0.024)	0.711
3-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.61	0.05 ± 0.57	0.030 (0.010 to 0.050)	0.003^a	0.011 (− 0.010 to 0.031)	0.303	0.013 (− 0.007 to 0.033)	0.202
Females (n = 12,565)
1-y post-ID pneumonia	0.10 ± 0.80	0.05 ± 0.52	0.048 (0.023 to 0.074)	< 0.001^a	0.028 (0.003 to 0.054)	0.030^a	0.037 (0.012 to 0.062)	0.004^a
2-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.57	0.04 ± 0.56	0.031 (0.006 to 0.056)	0.013^a	0.008 (− 0.017 to 0.033)	0.535	0.014 (− 0.011 to 0.038)	0.278
3-y post-ID pneumonia	0.08 ± 0.71	0.04 ± 0.43	0.038 (0.016 to 0.060)	0.001^a	0.018 (− 0.004 to 0.041)	0.103	0.022 (0.000 to 0.044)	0.046^a

Abbreviations: CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; CRS, chronic rhinosinusitis; 1-y pre-ID pneumonia, pneumonia history from the date of CRS treatment (index date) to the date before 1-year periods; Post-ID pneumonia, the number of pneumonia diagnosis from the index date to the date after certain periods; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation.
^aLinear regression model, Significance at P < 0.05.
^bModels were stratified by age, sex, income, and region of residence.
^cA model 1 was adjusted for obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, total cholesterol, SBP, DBP, fasting blood glucose, CCI scores, asthma, and COPD.
^dA model 2 was adjusted for the model 1 plus 1-y pre-ID pneumonia.

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Table 2 Simple and multiple linear regression model (estimated value [95% confidence intervals]) for post index date of pneumonia (post-ID pneumonia) periods in total chronic rhinosinusitis compared to control group and subgroup analysis according to age and sex.

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