Figure 1
From: Understanding of cell death induced by the constituents of Taxus yunnanensis wood
Growth inhibition by TY (the ethanol extract from Taxus Yunnanensis wood) in DLD-1 cells. Effects of TY on the cell growth in the colon cancer cell line DLD-1. (A) The cell viability was estimated at 72 h after treatment. Data were obtained from at least three independent experiments. Data for the representative concentrations are shown. The cell viability of the control (DMSO alone) is indicated as 100%. The growth inhibitory activity (IC50) of TY is indicated in Table 1. *P < .05 is significant. Apoptotic cell death is induced by TY. Apoptotic cells (white arrows) at 48 h after treatment were shown by Hoechst 33,342 staining. (B) Cell cycle analysis in TY-treated cells. Cell-count percentage of G0/G1 (2 N), S, and G2/M (4 N) phases for DLD-1 cells treated with TY (5 or 10 µg/mL) or DMSO. ****P < 0.0001, 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post hoc test. Data are presented as the mean ± SD (n = 3). NS, not significant. (C) Time-dependent activation of the apoptotic signaling cascade in comparison with the growth signal cascade after the treatment with 5 μg/mL of TY, which was estimated by Western blot analysis. Arrows indicates cleaved forms of caspases and LC3B I and II. (D) Electron microscopic findings in TY-treated DLD-1 cells. The cells were treated with 3 μg/mL of TY for 72 h.
