Table 3 Results of the generalized linear mixed model examining the impact of field type and time since habitat formation on the abundance and distribution of potential food sources for shorebirds. The sample sizes of rice seeds and benthic organisms were both 56.

From: Impact of rice paddy agriculture on habitat usage of migratory shorebirds at the rice paddy scale in Korea

Response variable

Estimated

SE

χ2

df

p

Rice seeds

Intercept

1.53

0.21

–

–

–

Field type

1.23

0.20

2.41

2

0.30

Time since formation

1.43

0.15

8.02

1

 < 0.01

Benthic organisms

Intercept

2.20

0.22

–

–

–

Field type

1.91

0.21

0.34

2

0.84

Time since formation

2.11

0.15

6.21

1

 < 0.05

  1. Each food source (rice seeds and benthic organisms) was analyzed using density (individuals per paddy) as the response variable, field type (plowed, harrowed, or seeded) and time since habitat formation as the explanatory variables, and survey time and individual paddy as stochastic variables.
  2. SE = standard error.
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