Table 1 Summary of the linear mixed model of hair cortisol concentration by body region. Individual wolf included as random effect, lumbar body region as reference class. Results from 27 wolves with 4 body regions each (4 outliers excluded).

From: Hair cortisol concentration reflects the life cycle and management of grey wolves across four European populations

Variable

β

Standard error (β)

95% Confidence interval (β)

df

Low

High

Fixed effects

Intercept

9.952

0.702

8.612

12.270

75.7

Body region

Dorsal cervical

− 0.119

0.811

− 1.709

1.471

73.1

Tail

− 1.967

0.811

− 3.557

− 0.377

73.1

Ventral thorax

− 2.324

0.811

− 3.914

− 0.734

73.1

Random effect

Variance

4.412

Standard deviation

2.101

N wolf

27

N samples

104