Table 2 Maternal substance use patterns.

From: Prenatal opioid-exposed infant extracellular miRNA signature obtained at birth predicts severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome

Variable

Not-Pharmacologically-Treated (N = 41)

Pharmacologically-Treated (N = 17)

p-value

N (%)

N (%)

MOUD

  

< 0.013

Buprenorphine

31 (75.6%)

6 (35.3%)

 

Methadone

10 (24.4%)

11 (64.7%)

 

Stimulant Use at Visit 14

6 (14.6%)

1 (5.9%)

0.663

Methamphetamines

6 (14.6%)

1 (5.9%)

0.663

Cocaine

1 (2.4%)

0 (0.0%)

1.003

Substance use across Visit 1 and Visit 25

   

Other opioid use

   

 Heroin

15 (36.6%)

6 (35.3%)

0.932

 Misuse of opioid analgesics

16 (39.0%)

6 (35.3%)

0.792

Benzodiazepines

12 (29.3%)

3 (17.6%)

0.362

Sedatives

2 (4.9%)

1 (5.9%)

1.003

Marijuana

18 (43.9%)

7 (41.2%)

0.852

Other substances

2 (4.9%)

0 (0.0%)

1.003

Tobacco use

36 (87.8%)

16 (94.1%)

0.472

Positive for 1 ethanol biomarker at delivery

12 (29.3%)

7 (41.2%)

0.252

 

Mean ± SD

Mean ± SD

 

Absolute alcohol(oz) per day, TLFB around LMP

0.80 ± 2.2

0.03 ± 0.1

0.071

Absolute alcohol(oz) per day, TLFB Visit 1

0.00 ± 0.01

0.00 ± 0.00

0.541

Absolute alcohol(oz) per day6

0.40 ± 1.10

0.02 ± 0.06

0.061

  1. LMP last menstrual period, MOUD medications for opioid use disorder, NOWS neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, SD standard deviation, TLFB timeline follow-back.
  2. 1Based on Mann–Whitney test.
  3. 2Based on Chi-square test.
  4. 3Based on Fisher's exact test.
  5. 4Any use of methamphetamines, cocaine, crack, MDMA, PCP, or other inhalants (more than occasional use of stimulants anytime in pregnancy and any use after the first trimester) were exclusionary criteria; stimulants not shown had no evidence of use.
  6. 5Visit 1 occurred prenatally and Visit 2 occurred at delivery/birth.
  7. 6Average use from 2 TLFB calendars (around LMP and Visit 1).
Back to article page