Table 2 Description of cognitive domains and associated tasks in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) survey and participant cognitive scores by current cooking fuel use.
Cognitive domain | Task description | Mean (SD) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Exclusive use of clean fuel cookstoves (n = 220) | Use of solid fuel cookstoves (n = 180) | All participants (n = 401)a | ||
Visuospatial/executive | Matching five numbers (1–5) with corresponding Chinese numerals and tracing them in ascending order (1 point); Copying a three-dimensional cube (1 point); Drawing a clock that shows ten minutes after eleven (3 points) | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) |
Naming | Naming a lion, an elephant and a camel from the drawing (3 points) | 0.0 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.9) |
Attention | Repeating a five-number sequence as heard and repeating in the backwards order a three-number sequence heard (2 points); Clapping hands only when hearing one from a sequence of random numbers (1 point); Subtracting seven from 100 and keep subtracting from the previous answer (3 points) | 0.2 (0.9) | − 0.1 (1.0) | 0.1 (0.9) |
Language | Repeating two sentences exactly as heard (2 points); Telling as many different kinds of animals as possible in one minute (1 point) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) |
Abstraction | Explaining what each pair of words have in common (e.g., orange and banana are both fruits) for two pairs of words (i.e., train and bicycle; watch and ruler) (2 points) | 0.2 (1.0) | − 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) |
Delayed recall | Recalling five words that were asked to remember earlier freely without any cues (5 points) | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (1.0) | 0.1 (1.0) |
Orientation | Telling the exact date and place of interview (6 points) | 0.0 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.9) |
Overall | ||||
z-score | Summing up scores from above seven domains for a possible maximum 30 points | 0.1 (1.0) | 0.0 (0.9) | 0.1 (0.9) |
Raw scoreb | 20.9 (5.7) | 20.3 (5.1) | 20.6 (5.5) | |
