Table 1 Characteristics of the study population 815 participating young adults (N = 815).

From: Nighttime smartphone use and changes in mental health and wellbeing among young adults: a longitudinal study based on high-resolution tracking data

 

Nighttime smartphone use

Total

P-value

0 Nights

1–3 Nights

 > 3 Nights

Age, mean (sd)

21.6 (2.8)

21.7 (2.5)

21.2 (1.5)

21.6 (2.6)

0.52

Gender, n (%)

Woman

102 (21.3)

68 (23.3)

15 (33.3)

185 (22.7)

 

Man

376 (78.7)

224 (76.7)

30 (66.7)

630 (77.3)

0.18

Co-habitation, n (%)

Yes

294 (61.5)

166 (56.8)

28 (62.2)

488 (59.9)

 

No

184 (38.5)

126 (43.2)

17 (37.8)

327 (40.1)

0.42

Social network score n (%)

0–9

60 (12.6)

52 (17.8)

8 (17.8)

120 (14.7)

 

10–14

208 (43.5)

129 (44.2)

20 (44.4)

357 (43.8)

 

15–19

182 (38.1)

93 (31.8)

13 (28.9)

288 (35.3)

 

20–24

28 (5.9)

18 (6.2)

4 (8.9)

50 (6.1)

0.33

Personality, mean (sd)

Extroversion

3.3 (0.7)

3.4 (0.7)

3.5 (0.7)

3.4 (0.7)

0.039

Neuroticism

2.4 (0.6)

2.4 (0.6)

2.4 (0.7)

2.4 (0.7)

0.75

Mental health, mean (sd)

Perceived stressa

3.1 (1.4)

3.3 (1.4)

3.3 (1.6)

3.2 (1.4)

0.097

Depressive symptomsb

5.1 (2.1)

5.4 (2)

5.1 (2.2)

5.2 (2)

0.13

Lonelinessc

3.0 (1.3)

2.9 (1.3)

2.6 (1.3)

3 (1.3)

0.053

Satisfaction with lifed

7.1 (1.7)

7 (1.7)

7.4 (1.8)

7.1 (1.7)

0.30

  1. SD = standard deviation. aRated on a scale of 0–40—shown in rescaled version 0–10, bRated on a scale of 0–50—shown in rescaled version 0–10, cRated on a scale of 0–60—shown in rescaled version 0–10, dRated on a scale of 5–25—shown in rescaled version 0–10.
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