Table 1 Indicators for census-tract level social capital indices.
From: Social capital's impact on COVID-19 outcomes at local levels
Index | Concept | Indicator | Effect on index | Level | Years | Missing data (%)a | Literature |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bonding | Race similarity | Race fractionalization (0 = homogeneity, 1 = heterogeneity) | − | Tract | 2010–18 | 0.9% | |
Ethnicity similarity | Ethnicity fractionalization (0 = homogeneity, 1 = heterogeneity) | − | Tract | 2010–18 | 0.9% | ||
Education equality | Negative absolute difference between % of residents with college education vs. did not graduate high school | − | Tract | 2010–18 | 1.4% | ||
Race/income inequality | Gini coefficient (0 = equality, 1 = inequality) | − | Tract | 2010–18 | 1.2% | ||
Employment equality | Absolute difference between % employed and unemployed labor force | + | Tract | 2011–18 | 1.0% | ||
Gender income similaritya | Gender income fractionalization (0 = homogeneity, 1 = heterogeneity) | − | Tract | 2010–18 | 3.4% | ||
Language competency | % Proficient English Speakers | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1% | ||
Communication capacity | % Households with telephone | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1.5% | ||
Non-elder population | % Below 65 years of age | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1% | ||
Bridging | Religious Organizations | Religious organizations per 10,000 persons | + | Zipcode | 2012–16 | 0.4% | |
Civic Organizationsa | Civic organizations per 10,000 persons Social Advocacy organizations per 10,000 persons | + | Zipcode | 2012–16 | 0.7% (9.3%) 2.5% (22.0%) | ||
Social embeddedness—charitable tiesa | Charitable organizations per 10,000 persons | + | Zipcode | 2012–16 | 2.3% (20.7%) | ||
Social embeddedness—Fraternal tiesb | Member of fraternal order (% of total) | + | County | 2010 | 0% | ||
Social embeddedness—Union ties | Unions per 10,000 persons | + | Zipcode | 2012–16 | 3% | ||
Linking | Political Linkage | % of voting age citizens eligible for voting | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1% | |
Local government linkage | % local government employees (per capita) | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1% | ||
State government linkage | % state government employees (per capita) | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1% | ||
Federal government linkage | % federal government employees (per capita) | + | Tract | 2010–18 | 1% | ||
Political linkage-political activitiesb | % Attended political rally, speech, or organized protest | + | County | 2010 | 0% |
