Figure 5

Temporal changes in the prokaryotic abundance at the (a) Lusaka and (b) Kabwe sites. Different shapes represent different fertilizer treatments. The levels of significance at the bottom of the panels were based on mixed model results for repeated measurements. “ ∗ ” represents p < 0.05 in each sampling period. Error bars represent the standard deviation of the mean (n = 3). CF: chemical fertilizer treatment, CM: cattle manure treatment, PM: poultry manure treatment, MR: maize residue treatment, and NF: no fertilizer treatment.