Figure 1

Stool: microbiome diversity based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing in stool in the control and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) groups before (V1) and after (V2) anti-TNF-α treatment. (A) α-Diversity analysis of gut microbiota using ACE, Chao 1, Shannon, and Simpson index. (B) β-Diversity analysis of gut microbiota calculated via Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) scatter plot. Differences between the relative abundance of microbiota were calculated by the Kruskal–Wallis test and Wilcoxon test.