Table 5 The optimization results of GWO_BP, GWO and PSO.
Test function | GWO_BP | GWO | PSO | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(F_{b}\) | \(\overline{F}\) | \(F_{V}\) | \(F_{b}\) | \(\overline{F}\) | \(F_{V}\) | \(F_{b}\) | \(\overline{F}\) | \(F_{V}\) | |
\(f_{1}\) | 3.39e−272 | 1.34e−201 | 0 | 3.54e−31 | 1.89e−27 | 5.19e−27 | 3.19e−6 | 0.0010256 | 0.0002591 |
\(f_{2}\) | 1.41e−130 | 2.63e−105 | 1.44e−104 | 1.16e−17 | 8.33e−17 | 5.15e−17 | 0.0033293 | 0.025077 | 0.025181 |
\(f_{3}\) | 1.47e−235 | 1.04e−175 | 0 | 4.29e−8 | 6.11e−6 | 8.83e−6 | 22.5641 | 76.8104 | 29.6565 |
\(f_{4}\) | 5.94e−125 | 7.21e−95 | 3.94e−94 | 6.49e−8 | 7.79e−7 | 9.31e−7 | 0.73877 | 1.1871 | 0.27429 |
\(f_{5}\) | − 11,029.776 | − 11,116.73 | 5.75e−8 | − 6573.7406 | − 5906.67 | 0.41465 | − 7792.144 | − 5401.569 | 1395.7081 |
\(f_{6}\) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 11.8383 | 3.5676 | 33.852 | 55.271 | 12.4957 |
\(f_{7}\) | 8.88e−16 | 8.88e−16 | 0 | 7.55e−14 | 1.037e−13 | 1575e−14 | 0.0033485 | 0.29308 | 0.57525 |
\(f_{8}\) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.0042187 | 0.0086354 | 1.4178e−6 | 0.0092825 | 0.008039 |
\(f_{9}\) | 0.00030644 | 0.0017249 | 0.005068 | 0.0003075 | 0.003824 | 0.0075286 | 0.00050106 | 0.0008804 | 0.0001414 |
\(f_{10}\) | − 3.8628 | − 3.8628 | 2.19e−15 | − 3.8628 | − 3.8628 | 0.001398 | − 3.8628 | − 3.8628 | 2.65e−15 |
\(f_{11}\) | − 5.0832 | − 5.0604 | 0.019028 | − 10.4028 | − 10.4012 | 0.0007519 | − 10.4029 | − 8.1837 | 3.0366 |
\(f_{12}\) | − 10.5364 | − 10.5364 | 3.5134 | − 10.536 | − 10.2039 | 1.4811 | − 10.5364 | − 9.1866 | 2.569 |
