Table 3 Multiple linear regression analysis: effects of air quality on ocular surface and tear cytokines.
From: The effects of short-term and long-term air pollution exposure on meibomian gland dysfunction
Age (per 1 year) | Temperature (per 1 °C) | Relative humidity (per 1%) | Wind speed (per 1 level) | PM2.5 (per 1 μg/m3) | PM10 (per 1 μg/m3) | O3 (per 1 μg/m3) | NO2 (per 1 μg/m3) | SO2 (per 1 μg/m3) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OSDI | 0.003 (0.001 to 0.022) | 0.049 (− 0.020 to 0.118) | − 0.101 (− 0.153 to − 0.050)* | − 0.868 (− 1.724 to − 0.013) | 0.146 (0.094 to 0.198)** | 0.118 (0.080 to 0.156)** | 0.233 (0.179 to 0.353)* | 0.063 (− 0.019 to 0.145) | 0.137 (0.093 to 0.210)** |
TMH | − 0.002 (− 0.002 to − 0.001) | 0.003 (0.002 to 0.004) | 0.000 (0.000 to 0.001) | 0.012 (0.002 to 0.022) | − 0.074 (− 0.110 to − 0.012)* | − 0.005 (− 0.008 to − 0.003) | − 0.075 (− 0.127 to − 0.010)** | − 0.001 (− 0.002 to − 0.000) | 0.005 (0.004 to 0.006) |
ST | − 0.018 (− 0.050 to 0.013) | 0.009 (− 0.019 to 0.037) | − 0.002 (− 0.021 to 0.016) | − 0.171 (− 0.477 to 0.136) | 0.018 (0.000 to 0.027) | − 0.002 (− 0.017 to 0.013) | − 0.112 (− 0.145 to − 0.010)* | 0.022 (− 0.011 to 0.054) | − 0.012 (− 0.047 to 0.023) |
TBUT | − 0.013 (− 0.026 to 0.000)* | 0.035 (0.019 to 0.051)** | 0.000 (− 0.012 to 0.011) | − 0.426 (− 0.620 to − 0.232) | − 0.023 (− 0.032 to − 0.014)** | − 0.010 (− 0.022 to 0.002) | − 0.024 (− 0.039 to − 0.010)** | − 0.012 (− 0.031 to 0.006) | − 0.077 (− 0.092 to − 0.051)** |
CFS | 0.025 (0.017 to 0.033) | − 0.014 (− 0.024 to − 0.004) | − 0.018 (− 0.026 to − 0.011) | 0.071 (− 0.055 to 0.196) | 0.021 (0.013 to 0.028)** | 0.012 (0.007 to 0.018)** | 0.028 (0.018 to 0.039)** | 0.004 (− 0.008 to 0.016) | 0.089 (0.054 to 0.123)** |
MG expression | 0.014 (0.010 to 0.018)** | − 0.006 (− 0.011 to − 0.001) | − 0.004 (− 0.007 to 0.000) | − 0.035 (− 0.097 to 0.028) | 0.007 (0.003 to 0.011) | 0.003 (0.000 to 0.005) | 0.008 (0.002 to 0.014) | 0.003 (− 0.008 to 0.013) | 0.004 (0.000 to 0.011) |
MG secretion | 0.029 (0.025 to 0.034)** | − 0.010 (− 0.016 to − 0.004)** | − 0.005 (− 0.009 to − 0.001) | 0.130 (0.059 to 0.201) | 0.000 (− 0.006 to 0.004) | 0.002 (− 0.002 to 0.005) | 0.006 (0.000 to 0.011) | 0.001 (− 0.007 to 0.006) | 0.020 (0.003 to 0.038) |
MG loss | 0.015 (0.010 to 0.020)** | − 0.009 (− 0.015 to − 0.003) | 0.000 (− 0.004 to 0.005) | 0.110 (0.036 to 0.185) | 0.015 (0.011 to 0.020)** | 0.007 (0.004 to 0.011) | 0.015 (0.010 to 0.020)** | 0.008 (− 0.007 to 0.020) | − 0.003 (− 0.011 to 0.005) |
Conjunctivochalasis | 0.025 (0.022 to 0.028)** | − 0.003 (− 0.007 to 0.001) | − 0.006 (− 0.009 to − 0.003) | − 0.006 (− 0.009 to − 0.003) | − 0.002 (− 0.005 to 0.001) | 0.002 (− 0.001 to 0.004) | 0.000 (− 0.002 to 0.002) | 0.003 (− 0.002 to 0.008) | 0.002 (− 0.003 to 0.007) |
IL-1β | 0.032 (− 0.019 to 0.083) | − 0.004 (− 0.102 to 0.094) | 0.037 (− 0.009 to 0.083) | − 0.424 (− 1.073 to 0.226) | 0.007 (− 0.009 to 0.024) | − 0.001 (− 0.005 to 0.002) | 0.011 (0.000 to 0.022)* | 0.007 (− 0.001 to 0.015) | − 0.044 (− 0.112 to 0.023) |
IL-6 | − 0.459 (− 1.956 to 1.038) | − 1.697 (− 4.980 to 1.585) | − 0.310 (− 1.847 to 1.227) | − 4.708 (− 6.327 to 6.912) | 0.015 (0.001 to 0.028)* | 0.018 (0.006 to 0.032)** | 0.576 (0.386 to 0.702)** | 0.396 (− 0.003 to 2.285) | − 0.003 (− 0.020 to 0.014) |
IL-8 | 0.014 (0.005 to 0.022) | 0.001 (− 0.015 to 0.016) | − 0.001 (− 0.008 to 0.006) | − 0.091 (− 0.194 to 0.013) | 0.016 (0.004 to 0.029)** | 0.005 (0.001 to 0.010) | 0.479 (0.369 to 0.890)* | 0.008 (0.001 to 0.017) | 0.005 (− 0.010 to 0.024) |
VEGF | 0.010 (0.002 to 0.019) | − 0.008 (− 0.024 to 0.008) | 0.004 (− 0.004 to 0.011) | 0.042 (− 0.065 to 0.148) | 0.012 (0.002 to 0.022)* | 0.007 (− 0.002 to 0.012) | 0.003 (0.001 to 0.007) | 0.012 (0.003 to 0.022)* | 0.021 (0.001 to 0.047)* |
