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Figure 1

From: Differences in phenology, daily timing of activity, and associations of temperature utilization with survival in three threatened butterflies

Figure 1

Seasonal and daily activity of three butterfly species in relation to temperature. (A) Life cycles of the study species Marsh Fritillary (Euphydryas aurinia), Apollo (Parnassius apollo), and Large Blue (Phengaris arion) Drawings Emma Tinnert. (B) Phenology (violin plots) of each species based on the distribution of individuals caught across the flying period. (C) Variation in average daily ambient temperature (50 cm above ground, in the shade) over the sampling season, the standard deviation in pink. (D) Temperature niche of each species. (E) Comparable daily activity patterns at different ambient temperatures (18, 23, and 28 °C). The predicted number of butterfly individuals as estimated by generalized linear regression is shown (Table 1) (B).

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