Table 1 Synergism of PBO, DEM, and TPP on methoxyfenozide in the 2nd instar larvae of susceptible (SUS.) and methoxyfenozide selected (MS) strains of Spodoptera littoralis after 96 h. post-treatment.

From: Toxicity and biochemical impact of methoxyfenozide/spinetoram mixture on susceptible and methoxyfenozide-selected strains of Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Strain

Treatments

LC50 (µg AI mL-1) (95% FL)

Slope (SE)

X2 (df)

g value

SR*

SUS

M

1.748 (1.336–2.141)

1.75(0.22)

3.79 (3)

0.09

–

M. + PBO

1.489 (1.233–1.733)

2.58(0.25)

3.99 (3)

0.03

1.17

M. + DEM

2.195 (1.883–2.504)

2.65(0.24)

4.75 (3)

0.03

0.79

M. + TPP

1.885 (1.574–2.191)

2.39(0.21)

4.21 (3)

0.04

0.93

MS. (G16)

M

63.31 (53.32–76.22)

1.57(0.17)

7.13 (3)

0.04

–

M. + PBO

18.99 (16.17–21.92)

2.67(0.36)

2.46(1)

0.03

3.33

M. + DEM

55.65 (47.54–65.23)

1.77(0.18)

7.59(4)

0.04

1.14

M. + TPP

64.80 (55.79–74.17)

2.19(0.30)

5.20(3)

0.07

0.98

  1. M Methoxyfenozide, PBO Piperonyl Butoxide, DEM Diethyl Maleate, and TPP Triphenyl Phosphate. LC50 is the concentration, in μg (microgram) of methoxyfenozide per mL (milliliter) of water, that is required to kill 50% of the tested population. X2 chi-square, and df Degree of freedom. g value goodness of fit, and *SR (synergism ratio) = LC50 without synergist/LC50 with synergist.
Back to article page