Table 1 Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants.
From: Urinary biomarkers indicate pediatric renal injury among rural farming communities in Sri Lanka
Criterion | Endemic (N = 327) | Emerging (N = 313) | Non-endemic (N = 164) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | Boys | Girls | |
No. of children | 150 | 177 | 140 | 173 | 86 | 78 |
Age (years) Median (IQR) | 14.4 (13.6–15.1) | 14.6 (13.9–15.5) | 14.6 (13.9–15.3) | 14.4 (13.6–15.2) | 13.6 (12.7–14.7) | 13.8 12.6–15.0) |
BMI (kg/m2) Median (IQR) | 17.8 (15.6–19.9) | 18.3 (17.0–20.4) | 16.8 (15.3–19.1) | 17.5 (15.4–20.2) | 16.9 (15.3–19.1) | 19.1 (16.5–22.9) |
Renal disorders | ||||||
Renal stones | 2 (0.6%) | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 4 (2.4%) | 0 |
Pain when urinating | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.3%) | 0 | 4 (2.4%) | 1 (0.6%) |
infections | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) |
Other diseases | ||||||
Asthma | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (3.0%) | 2 (1.2%) |
Dental fluorosis | 4 (1.2%) | 3 (0.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Family history CKD/CKDu | 46 (14.1%) | 37 (11.3%) | 0‡ | 7‡ (2.2%) | 2‡ (1.2%) | 6‡ (3.7%) |
Parents’ occupation as farmers | 120 (36.7%) | 135 (41.3%) | 57‡ (18.2%) | 70‡ (22.4%) | 12‡ ⁑ (7.3%) | 11‡ ⁑ (6.7%) |
