Table 1 Characteristics of the study population.
From: Timing of endoscopy in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding
Total (N = 572) | Urgent (n = 490) | Elective (n = 82) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 63 (19–95) | 63 (21–95) | 62 (19–93) | 0.879 |
Male | 366 (64.0) | 312 (63.7) | 54 (65.9) | 0.712 |
Comorbidities | 461 (80.6) | 394 (80.4) | 67 (81.7) | 0.881 |
Diabetes mellitus | 160 (28.0) | 135 (27.6) | 25 (30.5) | |
Cerebrovascular accident | 63 (11.0) | 58 (11.8) | 5 (6.1) | |
Vascular disease | 41 (7.2) | 34 (6.9) | 7 (8.5) | |
Chronic kidney disease | 40 (7.0) | 32 (6.5) | 8 (9.8) | |
Liver cirrhosis | 173 (30.2) | 153 (31.2) | 20 (24.4) | |
Previous peptic ulcer | 73 (12.8) | 64 (13.1) | 9 (11.0) | 0.722 |
Antithrombotic agents | 136 (23.8) | 116 (23.7) | 20 (24.4) | 0.889 |
Aspirin | 100 (17.5) | 84 (17.1) | 16 (19.5) | |
Clopidogrel | 42 (7.3) | 36 (7.3) | 6 (7.3) | |
Dual antiplatelet therapy | 25 (4.4) | 21 (4.3) | 4 (4.9) | |
Warfarin | 12 (2.1) | 11 (2.2) | 1 (1.2) | |
DOAC | 16 (2.8) | 15 (3.1) | 1 (1.2) | |
NSAID use | 42 (7.3) | 36 (7.3) | 6 (7.3) | 0.992 |
Presenting symptoms | 0.700 | |||
Hematemesis | 297 (51.9) | 258 (52.7) | 39 (47.6) | |
Melena | 233 (40.7) | 196 (40.0) | 37 (45.1) | |
Hematochezia | 42 (7.3) | 36 (7.3) | 6 (7.3) | |
SBP, mmHg | 115 (51–226) | 114 (51–226) | 122 (67–194) | 0.015 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 97 (35–165) | 98 (35–165) | 97 (50–149) | 0.806 |
Laboratory findings | ||||
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 8.9 (2.6–19.1) | 9.1 (2.6–14.7) | 8.8 (3.2–19.1) | 0.339 |
BUN/Cr ratio > 30 | 303 (53.0) | 256 (52.2) | 47 (57.3) | 0.406 |
Platelet, × 103/µL | 195 (8–801) | 196 (8–801) | 185 (22–440) | 0.676 |
Prothrombin time, % | 82 (4–137) | 81 (4–127) | 90 (8–137) | 0.008 |
Time to endoscopy, hour | 2.4 (0.4–45.0) | 2.2 (0.4–5.9) | 9.9 (6.0–45.0) | < 0.001 |
Glasgow-Blatchford score | 11 (0–18) | 11 (0–18) | 10 (0–16) | 0.334 |
