Table 1 Generalized linear mixed-effect model (GLMM) with ‘region’ as explanatory variable on PC1, PC2 and PC3.

From: Determinants of variability in signature whistles of the Mediterranean common bottlenose dolphin

PC1

Fixed effect

Value

SE

DF

t-value

p-value

Intercept

0.1536

0.2102

1860

0.7304

0.4652

SOUTH

0.2585

0.3122

164

0.8280

0.4089

WEST

− 0.3822

0.2596

164

− 1.4725

0.1428

Random effects

SD (Intercept)

Residual

   

SW-ID (Intercept)

1.3760

0.7412

   

PC2

Fixed effect

Value

SE

DF

t-value

p-value

Intercept

− 0.6924077

0.1679645

1860

− 4.122344

 < 0.0001

SOUTH

1.3577182

0.2492973

164

5.446181

 < 0.0001

WEST

0.3802016

0.20728

164

1.834242

0.0684

Random effects

SD (Intercept)

Residual

   

SW-ID (Intercept)

1.0907

0.6805

   

PC3

Fixed effect

Value

SE

DF

t-value

p-value

Intercept

0.0828627

0.1653987

1860

0.500988

0.6164

SOUTH

0.8489706

0.2456436

164

3.456107

0.0007

WEST

− 0.2037748

0.2042081

164

− 0.997878

0.3198

Random effects

SD (Intercept)

Residual

   

SW-ID (Intercept)

1.081996

0.5892998

   
  1. The upper section shows the significant effects of the assessed explanatory variables. Value, standard errors (SE), t-values, and significance level (p-value) for variables retained in the model are provided for fixed effects (explanatory variables), while estimates of the standard deviations (SD) are reported for random effects (SW-ID). Significant level in bold.
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