Table 1 Breeding latitude, migration distance [km], Clk poly-Q repeat length frequencies (Q8–15), Hardy–Weinberg exact test p-values, observed heterozygosity (HO) and gene diversity (GD) of nine stonechat (Saxicola spp.) populations listed by increasing latitude.

From: Population-specific association of Clock gene polymorphism with annual cycle timing in stonechats

Populations

n

Latitude

Distance

Q8

Q9

Q10

Q11

Q12

Q13

Q14

Q15

p-valuea

HO

GD

Kenya

125

0°14′ S

0

0

0.004

0

0.116

0.024

0.844

0.012

0

0.102

0.280

0.275

Tanzania

47

3°5′ S

0

0

0

0.021

0.043

0.021

0.883

0.032

0

0.162

0.213

0.219

Canary

61

28°46′ N

0

0

0

0

0.008

0

0.008

0.984

0

0.008

0.016

0.033

Spain

93

37°39′ N

0

0.022

0

0

0.258

0

0.21

0.511

0

0.911

0.645

0.631

Japan

11

43.6°N

4900

0

0

0

0.273

0

0.546

0.182

0

0.085

0.909

0.609

Austria

130

48°14′ N

1700

0.008

0

0

0.127

0.004

0.25

0.612

0

0.109

0.608

0.549

Germany

47

51°47′ N

1700

0.011

0.021

0

0.160

0.021

0.213

0.564

0.011

0.831

0.617

0.617

Kazakhstan

90

51.5°N

2600

0

0

0.028

0.128

0

0.656

0.033

0.156

0.233

0.644

0.530

Ireland

112

52°N

1200

0

0.005

0

0.098

0.058

0.455

0.384

0

0.709

0.661

0.635

  1. aEstimated with Markov Chain parameters: dememorization, 10 000; batches, 10 000; iterations per batch, 10,000.