Table 2 Exposure parameters, reference dose (RfD) and slope factor (SF) of HMs.

From: Ecological and human health risk assessment of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soil in hotbed chives hometown of Tangchang, Southwest China

Parameters

Value

IngR (ingestion rate of soil) (mg day−1)

100 (adults) and 200 (children)

InhR (inhalation rate) (m3 day−1)

14.5 (adults) and 7.5 (children)

EF (exposure frequency) (day year−1)

350

ED (exposure duration) (year)

25 (adults) and 6 (children)

BW (average body weight) (kg)

56.8 (adults) and 15.9 (children)

AT (average exposure time) (days)

ED × 365 (non-carcinogenic risk) and 26,280 (carcinogenic risk)

SA (surface area of skin) (cm2)

5700 (adults) and 2800 (children)

AF (skin adherence factor) (mg (cm2 h)−1)

0.2

PEF (Emission factor) (m3 kg−1)

1.36 × 109

ABS (dermal absorption factor) (unitless)

0.001

RfD for ingestion (unitless)

As (3.00 × 10−4), Cd (1.00 × 10−3), Cr (3.00 × 10−3), Cu (4.00 × 10−2), Hg (3.00 × 10−4), Ni (2.00 × 10−2), Pb (3.50 × 10−4) and Zn (3 × 10−1)

RfD for dermal absorption (unitless)

As (1.23 × 10−4), Cd (2.5 × 10−5), Cr (6 × 10−5), Cu (1.20 × 10−2), Hg (2.1 × 10−5), Ni (5.40 × 10−3), Pb (5.25 × 10−5) and Zn (6 × 10−2)

RfD for inhalation (unitless)

As (3.0 × 10−4), Cd (1.00 × 10−5), Cr (2.86 × 10−5), Cu (4.02 × 10−2), Hg (8.57 × 10−5), Ni (2.06 × 10−3), Pb (3.52 × 10−5) and Zn (3.0 × 10−1)

SF for ingestion (unitless)

As (1.50 × 100), Cd (6.10 × 100), Cr (5 × 10−1) and Pb (8.5 × 10−3)

SF for dermal absorption (unitless)

As (1.50 × 100) and Cd (6.10 × 100)

SF for inhalation (unitless)

As (1.51 × 101), Cd (6.30 × 100), Cr (4.20 × 101), Ni (8.40 × 10−1) and Pb (4.20 × 10−2)

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