Table 1 Targets of positive selection. (a) Generally. (b) With respect to antibiotic resistance.
(a) Positive selection targets different functions. | |
|---|---|
Function | Genes |
Antibiotic resistance | yfaL, ycgV, lsrA, ydhQ, ompC, ompA, hipA, dgcE |
Cellular response to DNA damage stimulus | btsT, yhaC, sbcC, uxuA |
Cellular protein modification process | pphC, ptsP, def, ydiU |
Establishment of protein localization to extracellular region | gspC, gspL, gspK, dtpD |
Carbohydrate transport | agaC, ptsN, uidC, fruA |
DNA dealkylation involved in DNA repair | alkA, alkB |
DNA restriction-modification system | dcm, hsdS |
tRNA wobble base modification | tilS, tmcA |
Determination of cell shape | mreC |
Essential for cell division | ftsK |
Protein deubiquitination | elaD |
Protein integration into the cell membrane | ynbB |
Aromatic compounds biosynthesis | paaF, mhpA, cpdB, deaD |
Folic acid biosynthesis | folk, abgB |
Glyoxylate biosynthesis | glcB, icd |
Lactose biosynthesis | lacZ |
Lipoprotein biosynthesis | lnt |
Amino acid activation for nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis | entF |
Uroporphyrinogen III biosynthesis | hemD |
Glycine betaine biosynthesis | betA |
(b) The positively selected genes that are known to be involved in antibiotic resistance have different mechanisms of resistance. | |
|---|---|
Mechanism of antibiotic resistance | Genes |
Biofilm formation | yfaL, ycgV, lsrA, ydhQ, dgcE |
Outer membrane permeability | ompC, ompA |
Efflux pumps | ompA |
Bacterial persistence | hipA |
