Table 3 Comparisons of motor dual task walking performance after training at different time point.

From: Effects of different dual task training on dual task walking and responding brain activation in older adults with mild cognitive impairment

 

Conventional physical therapy group (n = 10)

Cognitive dual task training group (n = 9)

Motor dual task training group (n = 11)

Between-group comparisons

Pre

Post

Follow-up

pa

Pre

Post

Follow-up

pa

Pre

Post

Follow-up

pa

Post

Follow-up

p (ε2)

p (ε2)

Speed (cm/s)

70.4 (64.1, 100.7)

69.0 (64.5, 94.2)

70.0 (62, 100.1)

0.670

72.8 (55.8, 86.6)

71.3 (62.1, 79.8)

74.9 (69.3, 91.1)

0.459

77.0 (64, 93)

89.4 (78, 100)

98.0 (80.3, 104)

0.003

  

Change

 

− 0.1 (− 7.1, 6.4)

0.1 (− 5.8, 5.1)

  

− 0.5 (− 12, 10)

4.8 (− 5.6, 12.1)

  

12.4 (7.5, 21.3)

17.3 (11.3, 27)*

 

0.028 (0.246)

0.006 (0.352)

Cadence (step/min)

105.9 (98.4, 116.5)

102.6 (96.9, 115.9)

100.2 (90.8, 117)

0.741

103.5 (94.9, 110.6)

108.2 (100.8, 117.5)

112.4 (103, 121.3)

0.008

108.2 (100.8, 115.7)

116.4 (108.1, 123.3)

114.8 (108.3, 120.3)

0.004

  

Change

 

− 1.5 (− 5.4, 2.1)

− 3.5 (− 7.4, 2.4)

  

5.8 (2.5, 7.0)*

8.0 (1.0, 13.7)*

  

3.9 (1.5, 9.0)*

4.8 (1.1, 10.9)

 

0.007 (0.346)

0.017 (0.280)

Stride length (cm)

86.9 (72.1, 112.4)

86.0 (75.8, 105.3)

88.9 (75.3, 112.3)

0.387

80.5 (73, 91.3)

79.2 (68.1, 88.3)

82.3 (73.4, 92.3)

0.641

85.6 (71.8, 97.3)

94.2 (83.3, 104)

103.0 (85.3, 112.8)

0.003

  

Change

 

1.0 (− 1.4, 8.7)

0.8 (− 4.8, 3.0)

  

− 4.3 (− 11.3, 3.4)

2.0 (− 8.9, 6.9)

  

8.6 (6.3, 15)#

13.3 (6.0, 25.3)*,#

 

0.033 (0.235)

0.007 (0.345)

Spatial variability

6.7 (5.0, 9.5)

7.9 (4.5, 8.8)

6.9 (4.7, 8.8)

0.905

8.1 (5.8, 9.5)

6.8 (6.6, 11.4)

7.4 (6.4, 8.6)

0.236

7.4 (6.3, 8.7)

7.1 (5.9, 7.6)

5.5 (4.1, 6.9)

0.012

  

Change

 

− 0.3 (− 0.6, 0.9)

0.0 (− 0.8, 0.4)

  

0.8 (− 0.5, 2.0)

− 0.8 (− 1.0, 0.7)

  

0.1 (− 2.4, 0.5)

− 2.0 (− 3.5, − 0.6)*

 

0.150 (0.131)

0.013 (0.302)

Stride time (s)

1.1 (1.0, 1.2)

1.2 (1.1, 1.3)

1.1 (1.0, 1.3)

0.301

1.2 (1.1, 1.3)

1.1 (1.0, 1.2)

1.1 (1.0, 1.2)

0.013

1.1 (1.0, 1.2)

1.1 (1.0, 1.1)

1.1 (1.0, 1.1)

0.012

  

Change

 

0.0 (0, 0.2)

0.0 (0, 0.1)

  

− 0.1 (− 0.1, 0)*

− 0.1 (− 0.2, 0)*

  

0.0 (− 0.1,0)*

0.0 (− 0.1, 0)

 

0.003 (0.399)

0.039 (0.223)

Temporal variability

4.3 (3.2, 5.5)

4.4 (3.3, 4.9)

3.5 (2.8, 6.1)

1.00

3.3 (3.0, 7.4)

3.8 (3.3, 6.4)

3.9 (3.4, 5.3)

0.459

5.3 (3.7, 7.8)

5.0 (3.6, 7.2)

4.5 (3.7, 5.3)

0.060

  

Change

 

− 0.1 (− 0.9, 1.5)

0.1 (− 1.0, 1.0)

  

− 0.2 (− 1.0, 0.7)

0.3 (− 1.0, 0.7)

  

− 0.3 (− 1.0, 0.5)

− 1.0 (− 2.7, − 0.1)

 

0.672 (0.027)

0.160 (0.126)

DTC (%)

9.4 (17, 1.7)

18.3 (21.1, 4.1)

16.5 (20.1, 3.3)

0.273

5.7 (9.4, 3.5)

19.3 (32.3, 7.9)

15.8 (23.8, 6.7)

0.008

6.6 (19.8, 4.0)

9.7 (16.9, 6.5)

5.9 (9.5, 1.7)

0.020

  

Change

 

4.7 (− 2.0, 10.8)

4.6 (− 2.8, 9.0)

  

13.3 (5.1, 23)

7.6 (4.2, 16.9)

  

2.9 (− 1.3, 6.1)

− 2.6 (− 7.8, − 1.0)#

 

0.056 (0.199)

0.008 (0.335)

  1. Values are median (interquartile).
  2. Change values were calculated by subtracting the baseline data from the post-training data (Post) or by subtracting the baseline data from the follow-up data (Follow-up).
  3. ap value for within-group comparison using Friedman test.
  4. *p < 0.05 as compared with conventional physical therapy group.
  5. #p < 0.05 as compared with cognitive dual task training group.
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