Table 5 Comparisons of cognitive function after training at different time point.
Conventional physical therapy group (n = 10) | Cognitive dual task training group (n = 9) | Motor dual task training group (n = 11) | Between-group comparisons | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | Follow-up | pa | Pre | Post | Follow-up | pa | Pre | Post | Follow-up | pa | Post | Follow-up | |
p (ε2) | p (ε2) | |||||||||||||
TMT-A | 22.1 (11.5, 32.4) | 13.9 (9.2, 18.8) | 17.4 (8.2, 21.7) | 0.122 | 21.9 (17.7, 24.1) | 22.9 (14.1, 27.1) | 22.9 (15.9, 31.8) | 1.00 | 21.2 (10.9, 36.8) | 12.5 (8.5, 18.8) | 15.3 (10.6, 20.1) | 0.061 | ||
Change (%) | − 26.1 (− 49.3, 20.1) | − 25.2 (− 40.0, − 6.3) | 0.48 (− 46.1, 12.5) | − 3.34 (− 34.9, 38.8) | − 34.3 (− 48.7, − 19.7) | − 33.1 (− 44.4, 34.4) | 0.453 (0.055) | 0.627 (0.035) | ||||||
TMT-B | 58.2 (32.5, 78.3) | 50.6 (31.6, 75.9) | 55.0 (25.5, 75.2) | 0.670 | 40.3 (35.9, 107.9) | 61.4 (35.4, 87.6) | 63.6 (30.8, 72.0) | 0.417 | 67.8 (41.6, 76.1) | 46.8 (36.7, 88.7)* | 39.7 (25.6, 55.6)* | 0.001 | ||
Change (%) | − 10.3 (− 35.1, 16.0) | − 14.5 (− 28.6, 27.8) | 1.02 (− 30.1, 27.5) | − 23.0 (− 46.5, − 0.01) | − 23.9 (− 45.8, − 6.9) | − 22.0 (− 52.6, − 14.9) | 0.357 (0.071) | 0.210 (0.116) | ||||||
Digit span test | 13.0 (11, 18.8) | 16.0 (14.8, 19.3) | 16.0 (13.5, 20.3) | 0.063 | 18.0 (13, 20) | 19.0 (17, 23) | 15.0 (12.3, 19.5) | 0.114 | 14.0 (11, 18) | 16.0 (11, 20) | 16.5 (11, 21) | 0.641 | ||
Change (%) | 16.8 (4.17, 32.2) | 10.1 (− 2.17, 32.2) | 30.8 (− 2.08, 49.7) | 0 (− 18.6, 27.1) | 10.0 (− 6.67, 27.3) | 2.94 (− 5.53, 11.7) | 0.316 (0.079) | 0.568 (0.042) | ||||||
