Figure 1

Locations are color coded by month for the first (a) and the second (b) tagging period. Polygons delimited by black dotted lines indicate the minimum convex polygon for 95% locations south of 50°S. Estimated change in (c) sigma (σt) and (d) persistence (pt = 3/βt) for humpback whales based on I-models. Colored lines denote the location of polar front (PF), Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (SACCF), and the southern boundary of the Antarctic circumpolar current (SBACCF). Antarctic circumpolar fronts data is made publicly available by the Australian Antarctic Data Centre (https://researchdata.edu.au). Data layers (including maps) were created in R ver. 4.0.2 (www.r-project.org) and ensembled in QGIS ver. 3.8.0 (www.qgis.org) for final rendering. Maps were created using data on bedrock topography from the National Centers for Environmental Information (https://maps.ngdc.noaa.gov/viewers/grid-extract/index.html). Grid-cells with values above 0 were considered land coverage and assigned a uniform color.