Table 1 Patient demographic and clinical variables*.
Active PPI use (n = 448) | Past PPI use (n = 98) | No PPI use (n = 2,048) | p-value***** | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD)** | 65.0 ± 17.2 | 62.2 ± 18.6 | 49.5 ± 19.8 | < .0001 |
Gender (n,%) | 255 female (56.9%) 193 male (43.1%) | 64 female (65.3%) 34 male (34.7%) | 990 female (48.3%) 1,058 male (51.7%) | < .0001 |
Race (n,%) | 309 white (69%) 139 non-white/other/did not answer (31%) | 57 white (58.2%) 41 non-white/other/did not answer (41.8%) | 1,129 white (55.1%) 919 non-white/other/did not answer (44.9%) | < .0001 |
BMI, kg/m2 (mean ± SD)** | 30.9 ± 9.2 | 30.3 ± 6.6 | 30.7 ± 7.6 | .84 |
Diabetes (n,%) | 200 (44.6%) | 46 (46.9%) | 479 (23.4%) | < .0001 |
COPD* (n,%) | 111 (24.8%) | 21 (21.4%) | 134 (6.5%) | < .0001 |
Cardiovascular disease*** (n,%) | 213 (47.5%) | 48 (49%) | 297 (14.5%) | < .0001 |
Kidney disease (n,%) | 153 (34.2%) | 33 (33.7%) | 222 (10.8%) | < .0001 |
Cancer (n,%) | 93 (20.8%) | 18 (18.4%) | 136 (6.6%) | < .0001 |
Obesity**** (n,%) | 249 (55.6%) | 50 (51%) | 681 (33.3%) | < .0001 |
Organ transplant (n,%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 | 7 (0.3%) | .79 |
Sickle cell anemia (n,%) | 7 (1.6%) | 3 (3.1%) | 13 (0.6%) | .01 |
