Table 2 Unadjusted comparisons for hospital admission within two weeks of COVID testing and for overall 30-day mortality *.

From: Proton pump inhibitor therapy usage and associated hospitalization rates and critical care outcomes of COVID-19 patients

 

Admitted

(n = 1,040)

Not Admitted

(n = 1,553)

P- value*****

Alive

(n = 2,408)

Deceased

(n = 186)

p-value*****

PPI usage**

(n,%)

Active use: 286 (27.5%)

Past use: 54 (5.2%)

No use: 700 (67.3%)

Active use: 162 (10.4%)

Past Use: 44 (2.8%)

No use: 1,347 (86.7%)

< .0001

Active use: 392 (16.3%)

Past use: 87 (3.6%)

No use: 1,929 (80.1%)

Active use: 56 (30.1%)

Past Use: 11 (5.9%)

No use: 119 (64%)

< .0001

Age, years

(mean ± SD)**

66.5 ± 17.2

43.4 ± 16.5

< .0001

50.7 ± 19.4

77.7 ± 12.8

< .0001

Gender

(n,%)

488 female (46.9%)

552 male (53.1%)

820 female (52.8%)

733 male (47.2%)

.003

1,229 female (51%)

1,179 male (49%)

80 female (43%)

106 male (57%)

.04

Race

(n,%)

677 white (65.1%)

363 non-white/other/did not answer (34.9%)

817 white (52.6%)

736 non-white/other/did not answer (47.4%)

< .0001

1,352 white (56.1%)

1,056 non-white/other/did not answer (43.9%)

143 white (76.9%)

43 non-white/other/did not answer (23.1%)

< .0001

BMI, kg/m2

(mean ± SD)**

30.5 ± 8.4

30.9 ± 7.3

.28

31.0 ± 8.1

28.3 ± 5.9

< .0001

Diabetes

(n,%)

498 (47.9%)

277 (14.6%)

< .0001

630 (26.2%)

95 (51.1%)

< .0001

COPD**

(n,%)

227 (21.8%)

39 (2.5%)

< .0001

201 (8.3%)

65 (34.9%)

< .0001

Cardiovascular disease***

(n,%)

448 (43.1%)

109 (7%)

< .0001

445 (18.5%)

113 (60.8%)

< .0001

Kidney disease

(n,%)

351 (33.8%)

56 (3.6%)

< .0001

308 (12.8%)

100 (53.8%)

< .0001

Cancer

(n,%)

177 (17%)

70 (4.5%)

< .0001

190 (7.9%)

57 (30.6%)

< .0001

Obesity****

(n,%)

503 (48.4%)

477 (30.7%)

< .0001

905 (37.6%)

75 (40.3%)

.46

  1. *Denominators differ for some variables due to missing data.
  2. **PPI Proton pump inhibitor, SD Standard deviation, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  3. ***Cardiovascular disease is a composite of cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
  4. ****Defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2.
  5. *****Based on separate one-way analysis of variance or chi square tests, as appropriate.