Table 4 Hospital-admitted patient outcomes based on PPI Use* (n = 1,040).

From: Proton pump inhibitor therapy usage and associated hospitalization rates and critical care outcomes of COVID-19 patients

 

Active PPI use (n = 286)

Past PPI use (n = 54)

No PPI use (n = 700)

p-value*****

COVID-related admission

(n,%)

228/286 (79.7%)

40/53 (75.5%)

583/695 (83.9%)

.11

Length of stay, days

(median, range)

6 (1–45)

5 (1–56)

5 (1–91)

.02

ICU admission**

(n,%)

77/277 (27.8%)

20/48 (41.7%)

198/655 (30.2%)

.03

Oxygen use

(n,%)

Mechanical ventilation: 41 (14.3%)

BPAP: 2 (0.7%)

Supplemental: 173 (60.5%)

None: 70 (24.5%)

Mechanical ventilation: 11 (20.4%)

BPAP: 0

Supplemental: 29 (53.7%)

None: 14 (25.9%)

Mechanical ventilation: 91 (13%)

BPAP: 4 (0.6%)

Supplemental: 435 (62.1%)

None: 170 (24.3%)

.79

Diabetes

(n,%)

156 (54.5%)

31 (57.4%)

311 (44.4%)

.006

COPD*

(n,%)

98 (34.3%)

15 (27.8%)

114 (16.3%)

< .0001

Cardiovascular disease***

(n,%)

177 (61.9%)

39 (72.2%)

232 (33.1%)

< .0001

Kidney disease

(n,%)

136 (47.6%)

25 (46.3%)

190 (27.1%)

< .0001

Cancer

(n,%)

74 (25.9%)

12 (22.2%)

91 (13%)

< .0001

Obesity****

(n,%)

166 (58%)

26 (48.1%)

311 (44.4%)

< .0001

Organ Transplant

(n,%)

6 (2.1%)

2 (3.7%)

8 (1.1%)

.23

Sickle cell anemia

(n,%)

1 (0.3%)

0

3 (0.4%)

N/A

  1. *PPI Proton pump inhibitor, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
  2. **Denominators are reduced due to “N/A” responses for certain patients.
  3. ***Cardiovascular disease is a composite of cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, and coronary artery disease.
  4. ****Defined as BMI > 30 kg/m2.
  5. *****Based on separate chi square or Kruskal Wallis tests, as appropriate; “N/A” indicates insufficient sample sizes for statistical compari.
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