Table 1 A summary of previous screenings of bees for interspecific pathogen detection.

Technique	Sample Processing	Reference	Pub. Year	Location	No. of Species	Apis	Bombus	Other	Template (μl)	Max Cycle No	No. of Path. Tested	BQCV	DWV	IAPV
Infection Validation	Pool	²³	2013	UK	1		*		1	35	1
	Indiv	²⁴	2006	DE	2		*		5	35	1		*
		²⁵	2019	DE	24	*	*	*	NR	35	1
		²⁶	2019	CH	2	*		*	NR	40	1
		²⁷	2020	N/A	2	*	*		2	35	1
		²⁸	2020	NL	2	*	*		2	40	3	*
RT	Pool	²⁹	2013	AR	1		*		5	40	7	*	*	*
		³⁰	2016	BE	4		*	*	1	35	12
		³¹	2017	CA	2	*		*	2	40	7	*	*	*
		³²	2018	BE	8		*	*	1	35	10	*
		³³	2020	TX, US	15			*	NR	30	6	*	*	*
		³⁴	2021	FR	30	*	*	*	NR	35	7
Both		³⁵	2011	JP	2	*			NR	35	7	*	*	*
		³⁶	2013	EU	3		*		1–2	NR	9		*
		²⁰	2014	BE	6	*		*	1–3	35	16	*	*
r-t	Indiv	³⁷	2009	AR	6		*		5	30	4
		³⁸	2012	UK	17	*	*	*	1	40	4		*
		³⁹	2014	EN	7		*		5	35	6		*
		⁴⁰	2015	N/A	2	*	*		1–2	35	5		*
		⁴¹	2018	US	28		*		1	40	3
		¹⁴	2020	NY, US	9	*	*	*	1	40	5
RT		⁴²	2012	PA, US	15		*	*	NR	38	5	*	*	*
		⁴³	2011	UT, US	1		*		NR	40	1	*
		⁴⁴	2013	PA, US	30		*	*	5	38	5	*	*	*
		⁴⁵	2014	G.B	2	*	*		NR	NR	2		*
		⁴⁶	2015	CO	1		*		1	35	10	*	*
		⁴⁷¹	2017	DE	33	*	*	*	NR	40	6	*
		⁴⁸	2019	NY, US	2	*		*	NR	NR	3	*	*
		⁴⁹	2020	NZ	24	*	*	*	1	35	5	*	*
		⁵⁰	2020	NE, US	4	*	*		2.5	40	4	*	*	*
		⁵¹	2021	MI, US	4	*	*	*	2–2.5	37	3
Both		⁵²	2018	PL	4		*		1–3	35	6		*
Both		⁵³	2019	AR	3		*		5	35	10	*	*	*
RT	Both	⁵⁴	2019	IT	1			*	5	50	7	*		*

A two-letter code is used for each country, with a two-letter state code also included for US projects. The total number of bee species tested is shown, followed by if certain common species were included. Similarly, the total number of pathogens tested is shown, followed by if certain commonly tested for pathogens were included. This table shows papers that tested for infection validation or used ‘traditional’ PCR techniques (real time PCR [r-t], reverse transcription [RT] PCR, or Both r-t and RT) only. When a piece of information was not reported, it is shown as NR in the table. Max cycle number refers to the cycle number used during PCR analysis.
¹This paper used capillary electrophoresis to score their RT-PCR.

Search