Table 1 Effects of different stress levels of glycine betaine (GB) and chromium (Cr) at 0 and 120 μM Cr and 120 μM Cr + 100 mM (GB) on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels (μmol g⁻¹ FW), electrolytic leakage (EL%), and proline levels (µmol g⁻¹ FW) in the root and leaf tissues of both chickpea cultivars (Pusa 2085 and Pusa Green 112), at 42 days after sowing (grown in pots).

Pusa 2085

0

8.31 ± 0.66^b

4.71 ± 0.60^b

15.52 ± 1.24^b

10.85 ± 0.92^b

31.62 ± 3.11^c

24.90 ± 1.90^c

6.41 ± 0.64^b

Cr

17.77 ± 0.81^a

8.99 ± 0.95^a

43.11 ± 3.16^a

27.03 ± 2.47^a

62.62 ± 1.54^a

49.72 ± 2.71^a

15.27 ± 1.09^a

Cr + GB

10.25 ± 0.66^b

5.49 ± 0.77^b

22.11 ± 1.80^b

14.21 ± 1.74^b

37.46 ± 1.63^b

32.39 ± 0.68^b

16.31 ± 1.20^a

Pusa Green 112

0

8.48 ± 0.58^c

4.91 ± 0.49^c

14.82 ± 0.90^c

11.14 ± 0.79^c

33.17 ± 0.77^c

25.69 ± 1.55^c

5.58 ± 0.64^b

Cr

26.41 ± 2.93^a

12.51 ± 1.00^a

51.04 ± 1.54^a

40.20 ± 2.31^a

83.33 ± 3.75^a

67.36 ± 2.22^a

10.65 ± 0.65^a

Cr + GB

18.99 ± 1.03^b

8.47 ± 0.73^b

36.12 ± 1.51^b

31.72 ± 1.53^b

49.95 ± 1.87^b

44.84 ± 1.84^b

11.19 ± 1.37^a

Cultivar (Pr > F)

 < .0001

0.0013

0.0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

0.0004

 < .0001

Treatment (Pr > F)

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

 < .0001

Cultivar × Treatment

0.0059

0.0756

0.0026

0.0002

0.0156

0.0003

0.0905

 < .0001

LSD_0.05

2.80

1.35

3.99

4.30

2.74

1.58

1.83

4.27