Table 1 Average modeled sound transmission loss (TL) for 80–180 Hz sounds traveling in all directions (All azimuths), toward shallower water (Upslope), and toward deeper water (Downslope) at the slope and shelf recording sites. Values are average and standard deviation of all 1 km2 model locations within radii < 20 km, 20–40 km, and for all locations < 40 km. Number of locations included in statistical computation given as n(locs).
From: The influence of sea ice on the detection of bowhead whale calls
Direction of propagation (deg T) | Radius | n (locs) | Slope site TLavg (dB) | Shelf site TLavg (dB) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ice-covered | Open-water | Ice-covered | Open-water | |||
All azimuths | < 20 km | 1256 | 91.1 ± 8.3 | 73 ± 5.8 | 85.9 ± 11.1 | 65.7 ± 3.9 |
0–360° | 20–40 km | 3654 | 108.7 ± 7.5 | 82.3 ± 5.1 | 117.6 ± 21.2 | 75.3 ± 3.4 |
< 40 km | 4910 | 104.2 ± 10.9 | 79.9 ± 6.7 | 109.5 ± 23.6 | 72.8 ± 5.5 | |
Upslope | < 20 km | 158 | 92.1 ± 8.2 | 69.8 ± 3.2 | 90.8 ± 13.6 | 64.6 ± 3.1 |
22.5–67.5° | 20–40 km | 454 | 116.2 ± 9.1 | 78.2 ± 2.8 | 143.3 ± 14.5 | 73.3 ± 2.4 |
< 40 km | 612 | 110 ± 13.8 | 76.1 ± 4.7 | 129.8 ± 27.1 | 71 ± 4.6 | |
Downslope | < 20 km | 158 | 92.5 ± 8.9 | 78.4 ± 6.5 | 82.7 ± 6.6 | 67.7 ± 4 |
202.5–247.5° | 20–40 km | 454 | 105.9 ± 4.1 | 88.5 ± 2.5 | 103.2 ± 7 | 78.5 ± 3 |
< 40 km | 612 | 102.4 ± 8.2 | 85.9 ± 5.9 | 97.9 ± 11.4 | 75.7 ± 5.8 | |
