Table 1 Thermophysical properties of nanoparticles and base fluid.
Thermo-physical properties | Base fluid | Nanoparticles | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
\(\text{H}_{2} \text{O}\) | Cu | \(\text{Al}_{2} \text{O}_{3}\) | \(\text{TiO}_{2}\) | Ag | |
\(\rho \;(\text{kg}\,\text{m}^{ - 3} )\) | 997.1 | 8933 | 3970 | 4250 | 10,500 |
\(c_{p} (\text{J}\,\text{kg}^{ - 1} \;\text{K}^{ - 1} )\) | 4179 | 385 | 765 | 686.2 | 235 |
\(k\;(\text{Wm}^{ - 1} \,\text{K}^{ - 1} )\) | 0.613 | 400 | 40 | 8.954 | 429 |
\(\beta \times 10^{ - 5} \;(\text{K}^{ - 1} )\) | 21 | 1.67 | 0.85 | 0.9 | 1.89 |
\(\sigma \;(\text{Sm}^{ - 1} )\) | 0.05 | 5.96 × 107 | 3.5 × 107 | 0.26 × 107 | 6.30 × 107 |
