Table 1 Patient characteristics at admission.

Male, n (%)

19 (54.3%)

Mean age (range), years

67.5 ± 10.8 (37–84)

Median course of disease, months

4.5 (1, 12)

Lesion types

 Clear-cell type RCC

27 (77.1%)

 Bellini duct carcinoma

4 (11.4%)

 Papillary RCC

4 (11.4%)

Recurrence after surgery

3 (8.6%)

Radiotherapy/chemotherapy

5 (14.3%)

Single/multiple tumors

32 (91.4%)/3 (8.6%)

Right/left/bileteral RCC

16(45.7%)/17(48.6%)/2(5.7%)

Local/distant metastasis

11(31.4%)/6 (17.1%)

Comorbidities

 Hypertension

10 (28.6%)

 Diabetes mellitus

9 (25.7%)

 Coronary heart disease

7 (20.0%)

Pre-operative laboratory tests

 WBC, normal 4–10 × 10⁹/L

5.2 (4.6, 6.1)

 TAP, normal 0–121 µm²

165.8 (140.2, 184.5)

 AFP , normal 0–10 ng/mL

3.7 (1.8, 5.5)

 CEA, normal 0–4 ng/mL

1.6 (0.9, 2.1)

 Cyfra 21–1, normal 0–3.3 ng/mL

2.4 (1.7, 4.0)

 CA153, normal 0–30 U/mL

13.7 (10.3, 26.4)

 CA125, normal 0–35 U/mL

12.8 (8.6, 20.4)

 CA19-9, normal 0–37 U/mL

16.3 (6.3, 20.7)

 GFR of sick kidney, mL/min

31.8 (21.7, 37.3)

 GFR of healthy Kidney, mL/min

42.6 (34.1, 55.1)